牙
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
牙 (Kangxi radical 92, 牙+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一女木竹 (MVDH), four-corner 10240, composition ⿹⿻𠃋丁丿)
- Kangxi radical #92, ⽛.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №39
Derived characters edit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/牙
- 伢, 冴, 呀, 𡉪, 岈, 㤉, 㧎, 𣲨, 犽, 𰀍, 迓, 枒, 𤆹, 玡, 砑, 䄰, 𧘪, 𦕆, 蚜, 𧠖, 𧣐, 訝 (讶), 谺, 釾 (䥺), 颬, 𩨠, 𩶀(𬶅), 齖 (𬹺), 𫰎, 𬦤, 𮐍
- 𠚾, 𠡁, 邪, 雅, 䪵, 鴉 (鸦), 𪖕, 𢗬, 𥁆, 𡵥, 芽, 穿, 䍓, 笌, 厊, 庌, 疨, 閕, 衺, 𮗍, 𭓟, 𭯲
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 695, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19909
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1419, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7259
Chinese edit
trad. | 牙 | |
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simp. # | 牙 |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 牙 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Etymology edit
Norman and Mei (1976) propose that this was a substrate loan; cf. Proto-Vietic *ŋaː (“ivory”) (Vietnamese ngà), Proto-Tai *ŋaːᴬ (“tusk; ivory”) (Thai งา (ngaa)). Pulleyblank (1983) disagrees with their hypothesis and considers Old Chinese to be the donor of this Wanderwort instead.
STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja (“tusk; tooth”), comparing it to Mizo ngho (“tusk; fang”), Manipuri ꯌꯥ (yaa, “tooth”), Mru [script needed] (hngou, “tooth”), Pa'o Karen [script needed] (tə́ʔ ŋà, “tooth”).
- Hong Kong Cantonese neologism prefix
- From 阿 (aa3).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
牙
- (anatomy) tooth (Classifier: 隻/只 c; 棚 c)
- 拔牙 ― báyá ― to take out a tooth
- 我牙疼。 ― Wǒ yá téng. ― I have a toothache.
- (anatomy) ivory; tusk of elephant
- 牙雕 ― yádiāo ― ivory sculpture
- screw thread
- (literary, obsolete) to bite
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 衙 (“government office; yamen”)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 芽 (yá, “to sprout”)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, neologism) Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness.
- (historical) broker
Synonyms edit
Compounds edit
- 人工植牙
- 人牙兒/人牙儿
- 以牙還牙/以牙还牙 (yǐyáhuányá)
- 伯子牙
- 伯牙
- 佛牙 (fóyá)
- 伶牙俐嘴
- 伶牙俐齒/伶牙俐齿
- 伯牙絕絃/伯牙绝弦
- 伯牙鼓琴
- 佶屈聱牙 (jíqū'áoyá)
- 俐齒伶牙/俐齿伶牙
- 倒牙
- 借齒牙/借齿牙
- 假牙 (jiǎyá)
- 冇牙老虎
- 出生牙
- 切齒咬牙/切齿咬牙
- 刷牙 (shuāyá)
- 剔牙 (tīyá)
- 剝牙/剥牙
- 努牙突嘴
- 包牙
- 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì)
- 叉牙
- 味勝易牙/味胜易牙
- 呲牙
- 呲牙裂嘴
- 咿咿牙牙
- 咬定牙根
- 咬定牙關/咬定牙关
- 咬牙 (yǎoyá)
- 咨牙倈嘴/咨牙俫嘴
- 咬牙切齒/咬牙切齿 (yǎoyáqièchǐ)
- 咬緊牙關/咬紧牙关 (yǎojǐnyáguān)
- 哨牙
- 嗑牙
- 嗑牙料嘴
- 噴牙/喷牙
- 埋牙
- 塞牙
- 塞牙縫/塞牙缝
- 壁牙
- 大牙 (dàyá)
- 大纛高牙
- 奶牙 (nǎiyá)
- 姜子牙
- 子牙河
- 尾牙 (wěiyá)
- 張牙舞爪/张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
- 彈牙/弹牙 (tányá)
- 心膂爪牙
- 怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
- 房牙子
- 打牙兒/打牙儿
- 打牙巴骨
- 打牙戰/打牙战
- 打牙犯嘴
- 打牙祭 (dǎ yájì)
- 打牙訕口/打牙讪口
- 押牙
- 拔牙 (báyá)
- 拾人牙慧 (shírényáhuì)
- 挑牙
- 挑牙料脣/挑牙料唇
- 換牙/换牙 (huànyá)
- 摩牙
- 新生牙
- 易牙 (Yì Yá)
- 易牙之味
- 易牙蒸子
- 暴牙 (bàoyá)
- 月牙 (yuèyá)
- 月牙泉 (Yuèyáquán)
- 月牙鏟/月牙铲
- 板牙 (bǎnyá)
- 查牙
- 植牙
- 槎牙
- 槽牙 (cáoyá)
- 機牙/机牙
- 毒牙
- 沒牙虎兒/没牙虎儿
- 沾牙
- 洗牙 (xǐyá)
- 海牙 (Hǎiyá)
- 無牙/无牙
- 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
- 爪牙之士
- 爪牙之將/爪牙之将
- 爪牙吏
- 爪牙官
- 版牙
- 牙人 (yárén)
- 牙儈/牙侩 (yákuài)
- 牙兒/牙儿
- 牙刷 (yáshuā)
- 牙印子
- 牙口
- 牙周 (yázhōu)
- 牙周病 (yázhōubìng)
- 牙垢 (yágòu)
- 牙城
- 牙婆 (yápó)
- 牙子 (yázi)
- 牙官
- 牙家
- 牙將/牙将
- 牙尖嘴利
- 牙幫骨/牙帮骨
- 牙床 (yáchuáng)
- 牙後慧/牙后慧
- 牙慧
- 牙推
- 牙旗
- 牙板
- 牙根 (yágēn)
- 牙根癢癢/牙根痒痒
- 牙根管
- 牙槌
- 牙機/牙机
- 牙橋/牙桥
- 牙櫱/牙蘖
- 牙爪
- 牙牌
- 牙牙 (yáyá)
- 牙牙學語/牙牙学语 (yáyáxuéyǔ)
- 牙疼 (yáténg)
- 牙疳
- 牙疼咒 (yáténgzhòu)
- 牙癢癢/牙痒痒
- 牙白口清
- 牙盤日/牙盘日
- 牙磁
- 牙磣/牙碜
- 牙祭 (yájì)
- 牙科 (yákē)
- 牙科醫學/牙科医学
- 牙稅/牙税
- 牙笏
- 牙管一雙/牙管一双
- 牙箸
- 牙簽犀軸/牙签犀轴
- 牙籌/牙筹
- 牙籤/牙签 (yáqiān)
- 牙籤玉軸/牙签玉轴
- 牙籤萬軸/牙签万轴
- 牙籤錦軸/牙签锦轴
- 牙粉 (yáfěn)
- 牙結石/牙结石
- 牙線/牙线 (yáxiàn)
- 牙縫高低/牙缝高低
- 牙肉 (yáròu)
- 牙膏 (yágāo)
- 牙色
- 牙花
- 牙菌斑 (yájūnbān)
- 牙蟲/牙虫
- 牙行 (yáháng)
- 牙買加/牙买加 (Yámǎijiā)
- 牙質/牙质
- 牙輪/牙轮
- 牙道
- 牙郎 (yáláng)
- 牙醫/牙医 (yáyī)
- 牙釉質/牙釉质
- 牙鑽/牙钻
- 牙門/牙门 (yámén)
- 牙關/牙关 (yáguān)
- 牙關緊閉/牙关紧闭
- 牙雕
- 牙音 (yáyīn)
- 牙章
- 牙風/牙风
- 牙骹
- 牙髓 (yásuǐ)
- 牙髓炎
- 牙齒/牙齿 (yáchǐ)
- 牙齦/牙龈 (yáyín)
- 犬牙 (quǎnyá)
- 犬牙交錯/犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
- 犬牙差互
- 犬牙盤石/犬牙盘石
- 犬牙相制
- 犬牙相臨/犬牙相临
- 犬牙相錯/犬牙相错
- 犬牙鷹爪/犬牙鹰爪
- 犯牙兒/犯牙儿
- 狄牙
- 狼牙 (lángyá)
- 狼牙拍
- 狼牙棒
- 獠牙 (liáoyá)
- 當門牙齒/当门牙齿
- 發牙豆/发牙豆
- 盤牙/盘牙
- 矼牙
- 磕牙
- 磕牙料嘴
- 磨牙 (móyá)
- 磨牙手機/磨牙手机
- 禍發齒牙/祸发齿牙
- 禡牙/祃牙
- 科牙磕齒/科牙磕齿
- 笑掉大牙 (xiàodiàodàyá)
- 簷牙/檐牙
- 紅牙/红牙 (hóngyá)
- 紅牙板/红牙板
- 老掉牙 (lǎodiàoyá)
- 聖地牙哥/圣地牙哥 (Shèngdìyágē)
- 聱牙
- 能牙利爪 (néngyálìzhǎo)
- 舞爪張牙/舞爪张牙
- 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
- 虎口拔牙
- 虎牙 (hǔyá)
- 蛀牙 (zhùyá)
- 蟲吃牙/虫吃牙
- 蟲牙/虫牙 (chóngyá)
- 西班牙 (Xībānyá)
- 西班牙港 (Xībānyágǎng)
- 西班牙語/西班牙语 (xībānyáyǔ)
- 討口牙/讨口牙
- 詰屈聱牙/诘屈聱牙 (jíqū'áoyá)
- 課嘴撩牙/课嘴撩牙
- 課牙/课牙
- 象牙 (xiàngyá)
- 象牙塔 (xiàngyátǎ)
- 象牙婚
- 象牙木
- 象牙海岸 (Xiàngyá Hǎi'àn)
- 象牙貝/象牙贝
- 象牙質/象牙质 (xiàngyázhì)
- 象牙雕
- 鉤爪鋸牙/钩爪锯牙
- 鋸牙/锯牙
- 鋼牙/钢牙 (gāngyá)
- 鋸牙鉤爪/锯牙钩爪
- 鑲牙/镶牙
- 長嘴獠牙/长嘴獠牙
- 門牙/门牙 (ményá)
- 閒打牙兒/闲打牙儿
- 閒磕牙/闲磕牙
- 雀角鼠牙
- 雌牙扮齒/雌牙扮齿
- 雌牙露嘴
- 雌牙鬼
- 青臉獠牙/青脸獠牙
- 青面獠牙 (qīngmiànliáoyá)
- 頭牙/头牙
- 高牙
- 高牙大纛
- 鬥牙拌齒/斗牙拌齿
- 鬥牙鬥齒/斗牙斗齿
- 鼠牙雀角
- 齒牙/齿牙
- 齒牙為猾/齿牙为猾
- 齒牙為禍/齿牙为祸
- 齒牙餘論/齿牙余论
- 齙牙/龅牙 (bāoyá)
- 齜牙/龇牙
- 齜牙咧嘴/龇牙咧嘴 (zīyáliězuǐ)
- 龍牙/龙牙
- 龍牙草/龙牙草 (lóngyácǎo)
Descendants edit
Others:
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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牙 |
き Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
Although this term is no longer used in isolation, it does persist in certain compounds.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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牙 |
きば Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Compound of Old Japanese elements 牙 (ki, “fang, tusk”) + 歯 (ha, “tooth”).[2] The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- fang, tusk, tooth (particularly the canines)
- (falconry) dog (primarily used for counting hunting dogs)
Usage notes edit
This is the most common term for fang in modern Japanese.
Derived terms edit
- 牙上面 (kiba jōmen): ivory or boar tusk used to rub the surface of a print in order to bring out the gloss
- 牙筍貝 (kiba takegai): a kind of auger snail of family Terebridae
- 牙獐 (kiba noro): the “fanged noro”, a kind of roe deer of genus Capreolus
Idioms edit
- 牙を噛む (kiba o kamu): “to bite one's fangs” → to gnash one's teeth
- 牙を研ぐ (kiba o togu): “to sharpen one's fangs” → to prepare to hurt one's opponent. Compare sharpen one's claws
- 牙を鳴らす (kiba o narasu): “to clash one's fangs” → to gnash one's teeth; to get angry; to bare one's fangs
- 牙を剥く (kiba o muku): “to bare one's fangs”
- 牙あるものは角無し (kiba aru mono wa tsuno nashi): “the one with fangs has no horns” → a metaphor for how no one is endowed with every advantage
See also edit
- 門歯 (monshi): incisor tooth
- 犬歯 (kenshi): canine tooth
- 小臼歯 (shōkyūshi): premolar
- 臼歯 (kyūshi): molar
- 象牙 (zōge): elephant tusk, ivory
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
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牙 |
かび Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with, and probably the noun derivation of, verb 黴びる (kabiru, “to go moldy”), from the root idea of something sprouting.[2] Used in the Kojiki.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
牙 |
は Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Non-standard alternative spelling for 歯 (ha, “tooth”).[2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Etymology 5 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
牙 |
げ Grade: S |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 牙 (MC ngae). Compare modern Min Nan reading gê.
The goon reading, so probably the reading as first imported into Japanese.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
The tooth meaning is much more commonly expressed using the word 歯 (ha).
Derived terms edit
- 牙の笏 (ge no shaku): an ivory mace or scepter, used by certain social classes in ancient Japan
- 牙歯 (geshi): teeth, tusks, or fangs
- 牙軸 (gejiku): the inner edge of a scroll around which the scroll is wound, or an edge of a folding book to which pages are bound, made of ivory
- 牙床, 牙象 (geshō): a kind of cutout decorative carving technique for panels, wherein the corners are left intact to reinforce the structure of the panel
- 牙彫 (gebori): a carving made from a tusk or fang, more specifically made of elephant ivory
- 牙笏 (geshaku): an ivory mace or scepter, used by certain social classes in ancient Japan
Etymology 6 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
牙 |
が Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 牙 (MC ngae). Compare modern Cantonese reading ngaa4.
The kan'on reading, so probably a later importation.
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Usage notes edit
The ga reading is only used in compounds, and is never used in isolation.
Derived terms edit
- 牙営 (gaei): the headquarters of a general in a field camp
- 牙音 (gaon): a velar consonant (obsolete)
- 牙関緊急 (gakan kinkyū): lockjaw, a common symptom in the early stages of tetanus
- 牙旗 (gaki): a flag raised at the site of an emperor's or general's field camp
- 牙行 (gakō): in China, a middleman or go-between in a commercial transaction
- 牙山 (Gazan): the city of Asan, a port in South Korea
- 牙商 (gashō): a middleman or go-between in a commercial transaction
- 牙城 (gajō): the keep or main residence within a castle; a headquarters, a base, a stronghold
- 牙人 (gajin): in China, a middleman or go-between in a commercial transaction
- 牙銭 (gasen): a fee or commission charged by a 牙行 (gakō)
- 牙虫 (gamushi): a water scavenger beetle of family Hydrophilidae
- 牙斧 (gafu): a small axe or hatchet made from boar tusk
- 牙保 (gaho): a middleman or go-between in a commercial transaction
- 牙保罪 (gahozai): the crime of fencing goods known to be stolen
- 牙保犯 (gahohan): the crime of fencing goods known to be stolen
- 牙門 (gamon): a gate on which a general's flag is flying; an army's headquarters
- 牙籌 (gachū): an abacus; more specifically, an ivory abacus
- 牙籤, 牙籖 (gasen): a small placard or label made of ivory; a small claw-shaped ivory clasp for holding a book closed
- 牙纛 (gatō): the flag of a general's army, the pole of which was traditionally decorated with ivory on the end
- 牙儈 (gakai): in China, a middleman or go-between in a commercial transaction
References edit
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 牙 (MC ngae).
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅡᆼ (Yale: nga) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 아 (a) (Yale: a) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja edit
- Hanja form? of 아 (“molar; cheek tooth”).
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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