独楽
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
独 | 楽 |
Grade: 5 | Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
獨樂 (kyūjitai) |
Appears to be a shortening of older reading komatsukuri[1] or komatsuburi[1][2] (see below).
The shorter form koma is now the most common reading. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a spinning top
- (by extension) a rigid object that can rotate freely around a fixed point
- a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) in the form or shape of a spinning top
- a hexagonal or octagonal top, decorated with images and/or writing, used for gambling
- Synonym: 御花独楽 (ohanagoma)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
独 | 楽 |
Grade: 5 | Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
獨樂 (kyūjitai) |
Older form of koma above.
Compound of 高麗 (Koma, “Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands”) + つぶり (tsuburi, “round thing”, cognate with 円ら (tsubura), “round”).[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
独楽 • (komatsuburi)
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
独 | 楽 |
Grade: 5 | Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
獨樂 (kyūjitai) |
Additional older form of koma above, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Compound of 高麗 (Koma, “Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands”) + 作り (tsukuri, “making; made thing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 作る (tsukuru, “to make”)).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
独楽 • (komatsukuri)
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
独 | 楽 |
Grade: 5 | Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
獨樂 (kyūjitai) |
Ancient alternative to koma above. Probably from 紡錘 (tsumu, “a spindle”, root of the verb 紡む (tsumugu), “to spin thread or yarn”) + 繰り (kuri, “winding”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind something onto something else”)).[2][3]
Occasionally also encountered with rendaku as tsumuguri.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Etymology 5 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
独 | 楽 |
どく Grade: 5 |
らく Grade: 2 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
獨樂 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 獨樂 (MC duwk lak).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
- fun or entertaining for one person alone
Usage notes edit
Used attributively with the particle の (no).
Noun edit
- something fun or entertaining for one person alone
- (uncommon) Same as こま (koma) above
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN