See also: 獨樂

Japanese edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
独楽 (koma, komatsuburi, komatsukuri, tsumukuri, dokuraku): a collection of spinning tops.

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shortening of older reading komatsukuri[1] or komatsuburi[1][2] (see below).

The shorter form koma is now the most common reading. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

独楽(こま) (koma

  1. a spinning top
  2. (by extension) a rigid object that can rotate freely around a fixed point
  3. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) in the form or shape of a spinning top
  4. a hexagonal or octagonal top, decorated with images and/or writing, used for gambling
    Synonym: 御花独楽 (ohanagoma)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Older form of koma above.

Compound of 高麗 (Koma, Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands) +‎ つぶり (tsuburi, round thing, cognate with 円ら (tsubura), “round”).[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ko̞ma̠t͡sɨᵝbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

独楽(こまつぶり) (komatsuburi

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Same as こま (koma) above

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Additional older form of koma above, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

Compound of 高麗 (Koma, Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands) +‎ 作り (tsukuri, making; made thing, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb (つく) (tsukuru, to make)).[1]

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ko̞ma̠t͡sɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

独楽(こまつくり) (komatsukuri

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Same as こま (koma) above

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Ancient alternative to koma above. Probably from 紡錘 (tsumu, a spindle, root of the verb 紡む (tsumugu), “to spin thread or yarn) +‎ 繰り (kuri, winding, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb () (kuru, to wind something onto something else)).[2][3]

Occasionally also encountered with rendaku as tsumuguri.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

独楽(つむくり) (tsumukuri

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Same as こま (koma) above

Etymology 5 edit

Kanji in this term
どく
Grade: 5
らく
Grade: 2
goon
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 獨樂 (MC duwk lak).

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

(どく)(らく) (dokuraku

  1. fun or entertaining for one person alone
Usage notes edit

Used attributively with the particle (no).

Noun edit

(どく)(らく) (dokuraku

  1. something fun or entertaining for one person alone
  2. (uncommon) Same as こま (koma) above

References edit

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN