猿
|
Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
Han character edit
猿 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹土口女 (KHGRV), four-corner 44232, composition ⿰犭袁)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 716, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20584
- Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1361, character 15
- Unihan data for U+733F
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
猿 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | 𤝌 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin edit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n (“monkey”).
Alternatively, the root may be Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *swaaʔ (“monkey”) (Schuessler, 2007); compare also Proto-Mon-Khmer *kwaɲ ~ kwaaɲʔ.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
猿
Compounds edit
- 人猿
- 人猿泰山
- 人猿科
- 元謀猿人/元谋猿人
- 吼猿
- 巨猿
- 心猿意馬/心猿意马 (xīnyuányìmǎ)
- 意馬心猿/意马心猿
- 拉瑪猿/拉玛猿
- 檻猿籠鳥/槛猿笼鸟
- 狐媚猿攀
- 猿人 (yuánrén)
- 猿狖
- 猿猴 (yuánhóu)
- 猿猴取月
- 猿科
- 猿穴壞山/猿穴坏山
- 猿腸寸斷/猿肠寸断
- 猿臂
- 猿鶴沙蟲/猿鹤沙虫
- 猿鶴蟲沙/猿鹤虫沙
- 白猿
- 白猿傳/白猿传
- 窮猿失木/穷猿失木
- 窮猿奔林/穷猿奔林
- 窮猿投林/穷猿投林
- 籠鳥檻猿/笼鸟槛猿
- 縱放心猿/纵放心猿
- 藍田猿人/蓝田猿人
- 虎體猿臂/虎体猿臂 (hǔ tǐ yuán bì)
- 虛引猿泣/虚引猿泣
- 蟲沙猿鶴/虫沙猿鹤
- 調弓號猿/调弓号猿
- 豹頭猿臂/豹头猿臂 (bàotóuyuánbì)
- 長臂猿/长臂猿 (chángbìyuán)
- 類人猿/类人猿 (lèirényuán)
See also edit
- 猴 (hóu)
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: おん (on)←をん (won, historical)
- Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)←ゑん (wen, historical)
- Kun: さる (saru, 猿, Jōyō); まし (mashi, 猿); ましら (mashira, 猿ら)
- Nanori: さ (sa); さる (saru); さわ (sawa)
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
猿 |
さる Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Ultimate derivation possibly borrowed from Ainu サロ (saro, “monkey”, from サㇻ (sar, “a tail”) + オ (o, “to bear, to wear, to carry”)).[1]
The kanji is from Chinese 猿 (yuán, “ape”). Compare Japanese 猪 (inoshishi, “boar”) from Chinese 猪 (zhū, “pig”) and Japanese 豚 (buta, “pig”) from Chinese 豚 (tún, “suckling pig”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a monkey (primate)
- 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 10 (back):
- 猕猴 二字合訓佐流
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Short for 日本猿 (Nihonzaru, “Japanese macaque”).
- (loosely) an ape (animal)
- 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世界名作童話第3巻 うらしま太郎 (世界名作童話第3巻 うらしま太郎)”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 117:
- 地球は、サルのわく星になっていましたとさ。
- Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natte imashita to sa.
- Meanwhile, Earth became the Planet of the Apes.
- 地球は、サルのわく星になっていましたとさ。
Usage notes edit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サル.
Derived terms edit
- 日本猿 (Nihonzaru)
- 狐猿 (kitsunezaru)
- 猿も木から落ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru)
- 申 (saru)
Descendants edit
- → Yami: sazo
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
猿 |
まし Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, used phonetically to spell the sound /masi/.
Ultimate derivation unknown.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
This form seems to be used less often than mashira below.
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
猿 |
ましら Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Derived from earlier mashi form above. Found in texts from the early 1900s, possibly earlier. Appears to be mashi + the pluralizing and genericizing suffix ら (ra).
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) ましら [màshírá] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) ましら [máꜜshìrà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [ma̠ɕiɾa̠]
Noun edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
猿 |
えん Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 猿 (MC hjwon).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)[1], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 猿 (MC hjwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 𫞤/원 (wen) (Yale: wen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja edit
猿 (eumhun 원숭이 원 (wonsung'i won))
Compounds edit
- 견원 (犬猿, gyeonwon)
- 원인 (猿人, wonin, “apeman; prehistoric man”)
- 유인원 (類人猿, yuinwon, “anthropoid”)
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
猿: Hán Nôm readings: viên, vượn, ươi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings edit
- Nôm: viên, vượn
References edit
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville