Wiktionary

獄

See also: 狱
獄 U+7344, 獄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344
← 獃
[U+7343] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獅 →
[U+7345]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

獄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 43234, composition ⿰狺犬)

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+7344

Chinese edit

trad. 獄
simp. 狱

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嶽 *ŋroːɡ
鸑 *ŋroːɡ
哭 *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄 *ŋoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • ngṳ̆k - literary;
  • ngŏk - vernacular.
Note:
  • ga̍k - vernacular;
  • ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.
Note:
  • 5hhioq - common;
  • 5nyioq - expected from historical rime.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 獄
    Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
    Harbin /y⁵³/
    Tianjin /y⁵³/
    Jinan /y²¹/
    Qingdao /y⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /y²⁴/
    Xi'an /y²¹/
    Xining /y⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /y¹³/
    Lanzhou /y¹³/
    Ürümqi /y²¹³/
    Wuhan /iəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /yo³¹/
    /y¹³/
    Guiyang /iu²¹/
    Kunming /iu³¹/
    Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /yəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
    Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /niu²²/
    Tunxi /ȵiu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʐəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /iəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiuʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
    Nanning /juk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /juk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giɔk̚⁵/
    /gak̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /gek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zok̚³/
    Rime
    Character 獄
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (8)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚欲切
    Baxter ngjowk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋɨok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋiok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuawk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiok̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwok̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		juk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 獄
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ]rok/
    English lawsuit; prison

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 獄
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16032
    Phonetic
    component         		獄
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		玉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋoɡ/

    Definitions edit

    獄

    1. prison
    2. lawsuit; case

    Synonyms edit

    Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
    Mandarin Beijing 監獄, 班房兒, 泡兒局 dated
    Taiwan 監獄
    Tianjin 監獄
    Tangshan 監獄
    Cangzhou 監獄, 班房兒
    Baoding 監獄
    Shijiazhuang 監獄
    Chifeng 監獄
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 監獄, 笆籬子
    Harbin 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
    Shenyang 牢, 班房, 笆籬子
    Yantai (Muping) 監牢獄, 監獄
    Qingdao 監牢獄
    Jinan 監獄, 監牢獄, 監
    Luoyang 監, 牢
    Zhengzhou 監獄, 監, 牢
    Xi'an 監獄, 監, 牢
    Yinchuan 監獄, 牢, 班房
    Lanzhou 監獄, 班房子, 班房
    Xining 牢, 班房
    Ürümqi 監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
    Wuhan 監獄, 牢, 班房
    Chengdu 牢, 班房
    Guiyang 監獄, 班房
    Kunming 監獄, 牢, 班房
    Guilin 監獄, 牢
    Liuzhou 監獄, 牢
    Xuzhou 監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
    Yangzhou 牢監, 牢, 班房
    Nanjing 牢
    Hefei 監獄
    Nantong 監牢, 牢
    Singapore 監牢
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 班房子, 獄監
    Cantonese Guangzhou 監倉
    Hong Kong 監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
    Gan Nanchang 牢監, 班房
    Pingxiang 班房
    Hakka Meixian 監房
    Yudu 班房
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 監獄
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 監獄仔
    Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 監獄
    Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 監獄
    Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 監獄
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 監獄
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 監獄
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 監獄
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 監獄
    Huizhou Jixi 監牢
    Shexian 監牢, 牢
    Jin Taiyuan 牢, 班房
    Xinzhou 監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
    Linhe 監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
    Jining 班房
    Hohhot 監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
    Zhangjiakou 監獄, 牢
    Handan 監獄, 房子
    Northern Min Jian'ou 班房
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 監牢
    Southern Min Xiamen 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
    Quanzhou 監獄, 監牢
    Zhangzhou 監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 監獄, 監牢
    Kaohsiung 監獄
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 監獄, 櫳仔內
    Yilan (Toucheng) 監獄
    Tainan 監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間, 內籬仔 GT
    Tainan (Anping) 監獄, 櫳仔內
    Penghu (Xiyu) 監獄, 櫳仔內
    Penang (Hokkien) 跤跔, 跤跔間
    Singapore (Hokkien) 監牢, 釘鏈間
    Manila (Hokkien) 跤跔, 監獄
    Shantou 監獄
    Singapore (Teochew) 釘鏈間, 監牢
    Leizhou 監倉
    Wu Shanghai 監牢, 牢監
    Shanghai (Chongming) 監牢
    Danyang 監牢
    Hangzhou 牢監
    Ningbo 牢監, 監牢
    Wenzhou 牢監, 班房
    Jinhua 監牢
    Xiang Loudi 班房, 籠子
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    Compounds edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    獄

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    獄
    ごく
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 獄／狱 (ngjowk, “prison”).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    獄(ごく) • (goku) 

    1. prison

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    獄
    ひとや
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    人屋
    囚獄

    Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).[3][1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    獄(ひとや) • (hitoya) 

    1. prison

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    獄: Hán Nôm readings: ngục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings edit

    • Nôm: ngục

    References edit

    • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
    • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
    • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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