理論

See also: 理论

Chinese

		to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure	to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)
trad. (理論)		理	論
simp. (理论)		理	论
anagram		論理／论理

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lǐlùn

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лилун (lilun, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵ leon⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lî-lun
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lí-lūn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): li² lung⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐlùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐlùn
    • Wade–Giles: li³-lun⁴
    • Yale: lǐ-lwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiluenn
    • Palladius: лилунь (lilunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лилун (lilun, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴ luŋ⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lei⁵ leon⁶
    • Yale: léih leuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵ loen⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵ lên⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³ lɵn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî-lun
    • Hakka Romanization System: li´ lun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: li¹ lun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li²⁴⁻¹¹ lun⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí-lūn
    • Tâi-lô: lí-lūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lylun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: li² lung⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí lŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: liX lwon|lwonH

Rime
Character	理	論	論
Reading #	1/1	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	良士切	盧昆切	盧困切
Baxter	liX	lwon	lwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨX/	/luon/	/luonH/
Shao Rongfen	/lieX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨX/	/lwən/	/lwənH/
Li Rong	/liəX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Wang Li	/lĭəX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Bernard Karlgren	/liX/	/luən/	/luənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	lún	lùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei5	leon4	leon6

Noun

理論

1. (mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory

   馬克思主義理論／马克思主义理论  ―  mǎkèsīzhǔyì lǐlùn  ―  Marxist theory

2. theory (as opposed to practice)
3. reason

Synonyms

• (theory):

• 學說／学说 (xuéshuō)
• 理念 (lǐniàn)
• 理想 (lǐxiǎng) (literary)
• 說／说 (literary, or in compounds)
• 論理／论理 (lùnlǐ)

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "theory"): 實踐／实践 (shíjiàn)

Derived terms

• 功能翻譯理論／功能翻译理论 (gōngnéng fānyì lǐlùn)
• 大霹靂理論／大霹雳理论 (Dàpīlì Lǐlùn)
• 弦理論／弦理论 (xiánlǐlùn)
• 心智理論／心智理论 (xīnzhì lǐlùn)
• 批判理論／批判理论 (pīpàn lǐlùn)
• 文學理論／文学理论 (wénxué lǐlùn)
• 文藝理論／文艺理论 (wényì lǐlùn)
• 樂理／乐理 (yuèlǐ)
• 混沌理論／混沌理论 (hùndùn lǐlùn)
• 理論上／理论上 (lǐlùnshàng)
• 理論家／理论家 (lǐlùnjiā)
• 目的性理論／目的性理论 (mùdìxìng lǐlùn)
• 突變理論／突变理论 (tūbiàn lǐlùn)
• 賽局理論／赛局理论 (sàijú lǐlùn)
• 酷兒理論／酷儿理论 (kù'ér lǐlùn)
• 音樂理論／音乐理论 (yīnyuè lǐlùn)

 

See also

• 思想 (sīxiǎng)
• 主義／主义 (zhǔyì)

Verb

理論

1. to debate; to argue (with)
2. to reason things out; to judge between right and wrong
3. (obsolete) to look after; to tend; to be in charge of

Synonyms

• (to debate):

• 分說／分说 (fēnshuō) (literary)
• 分辯／分辩 (fēnbiàn)
• 力爭／力争 (lìzhēng)
• 反駁／反驳 (fǎnbó)
• 急聒 (jíguō) (literary)
• 扳 (literary, or in compounds)
• 批駁／批驳 (pībó)
• 爭執／争执 (zhēngzhí)
• 爭持／争持 (zhēngchí)
• 爭論／争论 (zhēnglùn)
• 爭議／争议 (zhēngyì)
• 爭辯／争辩 (zhēngbiàn)
• 痛斥 (tòngchì) (as a denouncement)
• 盤喙錦／盘喙锦 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 盤話／盘话
• 相拗 (Hakka)
• 相諍／相诤 (Hokkien)
• 相諍相拁／相诤相拁 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 紛爭／纷争 (fēnzhēng)
• 聲辯／声辩 (shēngbiàn)
• 計較／计较
• 諍喙／诤喙 (Hokkien)
• 論戰／论战 (lùnzhàn)
• 論爭／论争 (lùnzhēng)
• 較量／较量 (jiàoliàng)
• 辯嘴／辩嘴 (bìng-cṳ̌) (Northern Min)
• 辯白／辩白 (biànbái)
• 辯解／辩解 (biànjiě) (to try to defend oneself)
• 辯論／辩论 (biànlùn)
• 辯護／辩护 (biànhù)
• 辯駁／辩驳 (biànbó)
• 駁斥／驳斥 (bóchì) (as a denouncement)
• 駁議／驳议 (bóyì) (literary)

 

• (to reason things out):

• 評理／评理 (pínglǐ)
• 說明道理／说明道理 (shuōmíng dàolǐ)
• 說理／说理 (shuōlǐ)

 

• (to look after):

• 呵護／呵护 (hēhù)
• 招呼 (zhāohū)
• 照應／照应 (zhàoying)
• 照拂 (zhàofú)
• 照料 (zhàoliào)
• 照理 (zhàolǐ) (literary)
• 照看 (zhàokàn)
• 照管 (zhàoguǎn)
• 照顧／照顾 (zhàogù)
• 看管 (kānguǎn)
• 觀顧／观顾 (Hokkien)
• 調理／调理 (tiáolǐ)
• 關照／关照 (guānzhào)

 

Adjective

理論

1. (attributive) theoretical

   理論框架／理论框架  ―  lǐlùn kuàngjià  ―  theoretical framework

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (理論):

• → Japanese: 理(り)論(ろん) (riron)
• → Korean: 이론(理論) (iron)
• → Vietnamese: lý luận (理論)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
理	論
り Grade: 2	ろん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

理(り)論(ろん) • (riron) 

1. a theory

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 理(り)論(ろん)的(てき) (rironteki): (adnominal) theoretical
• 理(り)論(ろん)的(てき)に (rironteki ni): (adv.) theoretically
• 理論的(りろんてき)には (rironteki ni wa): (adv.) theoretically speaking
• 理論上(りろんじょう) (rironjō): (adv.) theoretically
• グラフ理論(りろん) (gurafu riron)
• 理論家(りろんか) (rironka): theorist
• 理論化学(りろんかがく) (rironkagaku): theoretical chemistry
• 理論空燃比(りろんくうねんひ) (rironkūnenhi)
• 理論体系(りろんたいけい) (rirontaikei)
• 理論値(りろんち) (rironchi)
• 理論(りろん)づける (rironzukeru), 理論付(りろんづ)ける (rironzukeru)
• 理論哲学(りろんてつがく) (rirontetsugaku): theoretical philosophy
• 理論闘争(りろんとうそう) (rirontōsō): theoretical dispute
• 理論武装(りろんぶそう) (rironbusō)
• 理論物理学(りろんぶつりがく) (rironbutsurigaku): theoretical physics

Anagrams

• 論理(ろんり) (ronri)

Korean

Hanja in this term
理	論

Noun

理論 • (iron) (hangeul 이론)

1. Hanja form^? of 이론 (“theory”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
理	論

Noun

理論

1. chữ Hán form of lí luận (“theory”).