用心

Chinese edit

		to use	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (用心)		用	心

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yòngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁶ sam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yung-sîm
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iōng-sim / ēng-sim

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yòngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yòngsin
  - Wade–Giles: yung⁴-hsin¹
  - Yale: yùng-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yonqshin
  - Palladius: юнсинь (junsinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung⁶ sam¹
  - Yale: yuhng sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁶ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁶ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²² sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yung-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung⁴ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yung-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung⁴ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵ sim²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iōng-sim
  - Tâi-lô: iōng-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioxngsym
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² sim³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ³³⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²²⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēng-sim
  - Tâi-lô: īng-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: exngsym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ²²⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² sim³³/

Noun edit

用心

intention; motive

Synonyms edit

企圖／企图 (qǐtú)
心思 (xīnsī)
心意 (xīnyì)
心田 (xīntián)
意向 (yìxiàng)
意圖／意图 (yìtú)
意旨 (yìzhǐ)
懷抱／怀抱 (huáibào) (literary)
打算 (dǎsuàn)
旨意 (zhǐyì)
用意 (yòngyì)
𥓍 (Hokkien)
粒積／粒积 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
腸肚／肠肚 (chángdù)

Verb edit

用⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)

to be diligent; to be attentive; to be careful
to harbour (malicious) intentions

Synonyms edit

(to be diligent):

上心 (shàngxīn)
專心／专心 (zhuānxīn)
專注 (zhuānzhù)
敬 (jìng) (literary, or in compounds)
走心 (zǒuxīn)

(to harbour intentions):

存心 (cúnxīn)
宅心 (zháixīn)
居心 (jūxīn)

Adverb edit

用心

diligently; attentively; carefully

Synonyms edit

一心 (yīxīn)
入心 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
全心 (quánxīn)
悉心 (xīxīn)
殫心／殚心 (dānxīn) (literary)
盡心／尽心 (jìnxīn)
經心／经心 (jīngxīn)

Derived terms edit

別有用心／别有用心 (biéyǒuyòngxīn)

References edit

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “用心” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
用	心
よう Grade: 2	しん > じん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
要心

Noun edit

用(よう)心(じん) • (yōjin)

care
caution

Verb edit

用(よう)心(じん)する • (yōjin suru) suru (stem 用(よう)心(じん)し (yōjin shi), past 用(よう)心(じん)した (yōjin shita))

to be careful
- 1951, 宮本百合子, お久美さんと其の周囲:
  私共(わたしども)で用心(ようじん)するばっかりだわ。
  Watashi-domo de yōjin suru bakkari da wa.
  My, aren't we the careful ones!
to be cautious
- 1930, 浜尾四郎, 彼は誰を殺したか:
  現(げん)に中条自身(なかじょうじしん)も危(あぶな)いのでずい分(ぶん)用心(ようじん)して歩(ある)いているのだ。
  genni Nakajō jishin mo abunai node zuibun yōjin shite aruiteiru no da.
  Nakajō himself was actually in danger so was really walking with his guard up.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "用心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	用心し	ようじんし	yōjin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	用心し	ようじんし	yōjin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	用心する	ようじんする	yōjin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	用心する	ようじんする	yōjin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	用心すれ	ようじんすれ	yōjin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	用心せよ¹ 用心しろ²	ようじんせよ¹ ようじんしろ²	yōjin seyo¹ yōjin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	用心される	ようじんされる	yōjin sareru
Causative	用心させる用心さす	ようじんさせるようじんさす	yōjin saseru yōjin sasu
Potential	用心できる	ようじんできる	yōjin dekiru
Volitional	用心しよう	ようじんしよう	yōjin shiyō
Negative	用心しない	ようじんしない	yōjin shinai
Negative continuative	用心せず	ようじんせず	yōjin sezu
Formal	用心します	ようじんします	yōjin shimasu
Perfective	用心した	ようじんした	yōjin shita
Conjunctive	用心して	ようじんして	yōjin shite
Hypothetical conditional	用心すれば	ようじんすれば	yōjin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative