Wiktionary

町

町 U+753A, 町
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-753A
← 甹
[U+7539] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 画 →
[U+753B]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Han character edit

町 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田一弓 (WMN), four-corner 61020, composition ⿰田丁)

  1. a raised path between fields

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 759, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21735
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2528, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+753A

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 町
alternative forms 圢

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 町
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
圢 *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ
町 *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ
打 *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ
盯 *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ
朾 *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ
丁 *rteːŋ, *teːŋ
玎 *rteːŋ, *teːŋ
虰 *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ
揨 *rdeːŋ
釘 *teːŋ, *teːŋs
靪 *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ
仃 *teːŋ
叮 *teːŋ
疔 *teːŋ
頂 *teːŋʔ
奵 *teːŋʔ
耵 *teːŋʔ
酊 *teːŋʔ
葶 *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ
矴 *teːŋs
訂 *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ
飣 *teːŋs
汀 *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs
艼 *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ
庁 *tʰeːŋ
婷 *deːŋ
停 *deːŋ
聤 *deːŋ
渟 *deːŋ
楟 *deːŋ
亭 *deːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ)

Pronunciation 1 edit

Rime
Character 町 町 町
Reading # 1/4 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 定 (7) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 青 (125) 青 (125) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) IV IV IV
Fanqie 他丁切 徒鼎切 他鼎切
Baxter theng dengX thengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰeŋ/ /deŋX/ /tʰeŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰeŋ/ /deŋX/ /tʰeŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛŋ/ /dɛŋX/ /tʰɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛjŋ/ /dɛjŋX/ /tʰɛjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰeŋ/ /deŋX/ /tʰeŋX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰieŋ/ /dieŋX/ /tʰieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰieŋ/ /dʱieŋX/ /tʰieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tīng dìng tǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ting1 ding6 ting2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 町
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰˁeŋʔ/
English then(g)X.thwanX "trampled (field)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 町 町 町
Reading # 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 2399 2403 2413
Phonetic
component 		丁 丁 丁
Rime
group 		耕 耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		汀 珽 挺
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰeːŋ/ /*tʰeːŋʔ/ /*deːŋʔ/

Definitions edit

町

  1. a ridge or boundary between fields
  2. a field
Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Spelling pronunciation, as 丁 (dīng).

Definitions edit

町

  1. a local administrative unit in Japan (see below)
  2. character used in placenames
Compounds edit

Pronunciation 3 edit

Definitions edit

町

  1. plain

Pronunciation 4 edit

Rime
Character 町
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 他典切
Baxter thenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰenX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰenX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛnX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰenX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰienX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰienX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tin2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 町
Reading # 1/4
No. 2367
Phonetic
component 		丁
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		腆
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰeːnʔ/

Definitions edit

町

  1. Only used in 町疃.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

町

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of "plot of land";[1] in turn, likely borrowed from Proto-Koreanic *mati, hence related with Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).[2]

All Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of "town; section of a castle town", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”),[3] but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

町(まち) • (machi) 

  1. a town, a city
  2. a section of a palace or residence
  3. a section of buildings
  4. under the Jōbō system, a section of a castle town
  5. chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m)
  6. chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
  7. a section of where someone lives
  8. a market
  9. a section of a town or city
  10. a fortune-telling line or shape carved or drawn on the shell or bones of turtles or deer
  11. grade, quality
  12. townspeople
  13. the exterior of a red-light district
  14. the interior of a red-light district
  15. tax
  16. a subdivision making up a city
  17. the local government
  18. (obsolete) a plot (of land)
  19. (obsolete) a measure (of land)

Proper noun edit

町(まち) • (Machi) 

  1. a surname

Suffix edit

町(まち) • (-machi) 

  1. A Machi district; more detailed than 都, 道, 府, 県.

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

町(ちょう) • (-chō) ←ちやう (tyau)?

  1. A Chō district; more detailed than 市, 区.

References edit

  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 680
  2. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin‎[1], University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 192
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “まち 【町・街・坊】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

町 (eumhun 밭두둑 정 (batduduk jeong))

  1. A ridge between fields.
  2. A boundary.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

町: Hán Nôm readings: đinh, thĩnh

  1. city
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