痰

痰	U+75F0, 痰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F0

Translingual edit

Han character edit

痰 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大火火 (KFF), four-corner 0018₉, composition ⿸疒炎)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22251
Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2682, character 10
Unihan data for U+75F0

Chinese edit

trad.		痰
simp. ^#		痰
alternative forms		淡 classical

Wikipedia has articles on:

痰 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
痰 (Cantonese)
tàng (Eastern Min)

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
倓	l'oːmʔ, l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂	l̥ʰaːm, l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧	l̥ʰaːmʔ, l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧	*l̥ʰaːms
睒	l̥ʰaːms, hljamʔ
舕	*l̥ʰaːms
談	*l'aːm
郯	*l'aːm
惔	l'aːm, l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟	*l'aːm
淡	l'aːm, l'aːmʔ, l'aːms, lamʔ
痰	*l'aːm
餤	*l'aːm
啖	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
腅	*l'aːms
剡	ɦljamʔ, lamʔ
覢	*hljamʔ
掞	*hljams
炎	*ɦlam
琰	*lamʔ
棪	*lamʔ
扊	*lamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tán (tan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): taam⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ham³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thàm

(Meixian, Guangdong): tam²
Eastern Min (BUC): tàng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): tam⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tam⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶de

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan²
  - Yale: tán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
  - Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taam⁴
  - Yale: tàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ham³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: tamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tam²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tam²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâm
  - Tâi-lô: thâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: taam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam⁵⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: tam⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰam²²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶de
  - MiniDict: de^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³de
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²³/

Middle Chinese: dam

Rime
Character	痰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒甘切
Baxter	dam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dam/
Li Rong	/dɑm/
Wang Li	/dɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taam⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'aːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	痰
Reading #	1/1
No.	14297
Phonetic component	炎
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	談
Old Chinese	/*l'aːm/

Definitions edit

痰

phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c)

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 痰 (“phlegm; sputum”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		痰
Mandarin	Taiwan	痰
Mandarin	Singapore	痰
Cantonese	Hong Kong	痰
Cantonese	Taishan	痰
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	痰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	痰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	痰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	痰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	痰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	痰
Southern Min	Tainan	痰
	Penang (Hokkien)	痰
	Leizhou	醪瀾
Wu	Shanghai	痰