禁じる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
禁
きん Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

Shift from verb 禁(きん)ずる (kinzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きんじる [kìńjírú] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) きんじ​る [kìńjíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

禁(きん)じる • (kinjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 禁(きん)じ (kinji), past 禁(きん)じた (kinjita))

1. to forbid; to prohibit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "禁じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	禁じ	きんじ	kinji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	禁じ	きんじ	kinji
Shūshikei ("terminal")	禁じる	きんじる	kinjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	禁じる	きんじる	kinjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	禁じれ	きんじれ	kinjire
Meireikei ("imperative")	禁じよ¹ 禁じろ²	きんじよ¹ きんじろ²	kinjiyo¹ kinjiro²
Key constructions
Passive	禁じられる	きんじられる	kinjirareru
Causative	禁じさせる 禁じさす	きんじさせる きんじさす	kinjisaseru kinjisasu
Potential	禁じられる 禁じれる³	きんじられる きんじれる³	kinjirareru kinjireru³
Volitional	禁じよう	きんじよう	kinjiyō
Negative	禁じない 禁じぬ 禁じん	きんじない きんじぬ きんじん	kinjinai kinjinu kinjin
Negative continuative	禁じず	きんじず	kinjizu
Formal	禁じます	きんじます	kinjimasu
Perfective	禁じた	きんじた	kinjita
Conjunctive	禁じて	きんじて	kinjite
Hypothetical conditional	禁じれば	きんじれば	kinjireba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms

• 禁(きん)ずる (kinzuru)

Related terms

• 禁(きん)ずる (kinzuru)