箸
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
箸 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹十大日 (HJKA), four-corner 88604, composition ⿱𥫗者)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 891, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26224
- Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2979, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7BB8
Chinese edit
Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 箸 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tas, *das) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
Etymology 1 edit
| simp. and trad. |
箸 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 櫡 筯／箸 筷 Min | |
The Classical Chinese word for "chopsticks". It has been replaced by 筷子 (kuàizi) in many dialects for taboo reasons, avoiding homophony with 住 (zhù, “stopping”) in boatmen's language. Still used in almost all Min dialects and sporadically in other topolects, such as Southern Wu topolects including Wenzhounese.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
箸
- (literary or regional) chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双; 奇 md mn)
- 飯黍毋以箸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fàn shǔ wú yǐ zhù. [Pinyin]
- Do not use chopsticks in eating millet.
饭黍毋以箸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 停杯投箸不能食，拔劍四顧心茫然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 774, 李白 (Li Bai), 《行路難》其一 (The Hard Road)
- Tíng bēi tóu zhù bùnéng shí, bájiàn sìgù xīn mángrán. [Pinyin]
- I rest my cup and throw away my chopsticks, I cannot eat or drink; I draw my sword and look around in confusion.
停杯投箸不能食，拔剑四顾心茫然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 紂王有一日得著一雙象牙ê箸，伊ê人臣箕子看了不止憂悶驚惶。 [Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 1916, anon., Tùi小可會知大項
- Tiū-ông ū chi̍t ji̍t tit-tio̍h chi̍t siang chhiūⁿ-gê ê tī, i ê jîn-sîn Kî-chú khòaⁿ-liáu put-chí iu-būn kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- One day, King Zhou got a pair of ivory chopsticks. His official Jizi saw that and became incessantly worried and frightened.
纣王有一日得着一双象牙ê箸，伊ê人臣箕子看了不止忧闷惊惶。 [Hokkien, simp.]
- (Min) chopstick-shaped object
- 冰箸 [Eastern Min] ― bĭng-*dê̤ṳ / [piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ tøy²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― ice lolly
- (literary or Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for an amount of food held with a pair of chopsticks: chopstickful
Synonyms edit
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 筷子 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 箸子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 箸 |
| Hong Kong | 箸 | |
| Taishan | 箸 | |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 箸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 筷 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 筷 | |
Compounds edit
- 一箸
- 下箸
- 倒箸
- 借箸
- 元箸
- 六箸
- 冰箸 (bīngzhù)
- 前箸
- 劉備失箸／刘备失箸
- 動箸／动箸
- 匕箸
- 回魚箸／回鱼箸
- 土箸
- 失匕箸
- 失箸
- 奇箸
- 張良借箸／张良借箸
- 攑箸／𫽥箸
- 放箸
- 析箸
- 杯箸
- 止箸
- 沙箸
- 淵箸／渊箸
- 火箸
- 無下箸處／无下箸处
- 牙箸
- 犀箸
- 玄箸
- 玉箸 (yùzhù)
- 白箸
- 眾箸／众箸
- 碗箸
- 科斗箸
- 竹箸
- 箸仔
- 箸作
- 箸匕
- 箸土傅籍
- 箸奇
- 箸子 (zhùzi)
- 箸撰
- 箸瓶
- 箸筒
- 箸筩／箸筒
- 箸簍／箸篓
- 箸籠／箸笼 (zhùlóng)
- 箸論／箸论
- 箸豆
- 箸述
- 箸錄／箸录
- 箸長碗短／箸长碗短
- 箸隻／箸只
- 箸雙／箸双
- 箸鞭
- 籌箸／筹箸
- 罷箸／罢箸
- 聞雷失箸／闻雷失箸
- 臨食廢箸／临食废箸
- 舉箸／举箸 (jǔzhù)
- 藉箸代籌／借箸代筹
- 論箸／论箸
- 象箸 (xiàngzhù)
- 象箸玉杯 (xiàngzhùyùbēi)
- 超超玄箸
- 較箸／较箸
- 運箸／运箸
- 運籌借箸／运筹借箸
- 顯箸／显箸
- 食箸
- 飯飽丟箸／饭饱丢箸
- 飯飽弄箸／饭饱弄箸
- 髹箸
Descendants edit
- → Baha: daau³³ (“chopsticks”)
- → Bouyei: deh (“chopsticks”)
- → Burmese: (via Min Nan) တူ (tu, “chopsticks”)
- → Korean: 저 (箸, jeo) > 젓가락 (jeotgarak, “chopsticks”)
- → Lao: ຖູ່ (thū) > ໄມ້ຖູ່ (mai thū, “chopsticks”)
- ⇒ Lolopo: azzu (“chopsticks”)
- → Lü: ᦏᦴᧈ (ṫhuu¹) > ᦙᦺᧉᦏᦴᧈ (may²ṫhuu¹, “chopsticks”)
- → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *drouH (“chopsticks”)
- → Nuosu: ꎋ (rrup, “chopsticks”)
- → Sui: zuh (“chopsticks”)
- → Vietnamese: đũa (“chopsticks”)
- → Zhuang: dawh (“chopsticks”)
Etymology 2 edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 箸 – see 著 (“to attach to; to stick to; to adhere to; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 著). |
References edit
- “箸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
箸
Readings edit
From Middle Chinese 箸 (MC drjoH); compare Mandarin 箸 (zhù):
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 箸 (zhuó):
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: はし (hashi, 箸, Jōyō); あらわす (arawasu, 箸す); きる (kiru, 箸る); つく (tsuku, 箸く)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); つく (tsuku)
Compounds edit
Etymology edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 箸 |
| はし Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasuy (compare Ainu パスイ (pasui)). Possibly related to 嘴 (“beak”) or 端 (“tip”).
Pronunciation edit
- Homophones: 嘴, 觜
Noun edit
See also edit
- おてもと (otemoto)
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [저]
Hanja edit
箸 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
箸: Hán Việt readings: trứ[1][2][3], trợ[1][3]
箸: Nôm readings: đũa[4][5][6], trứ[5], chước[5], giạ[5]
- Nôm form of đũa (“chopstick(s)”).