羨
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
羨 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 80182, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 952, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
- Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7FA8
Chinese edit
trad. | 羨/羡* | |
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simp. | 羡* |
Glyph origin edit
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意): 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.
羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).
The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:
- 羨,貪欲也,今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羨,似面翻,慕也。非也,字書無从次之字,惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian
- 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]
- 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.
羡,贪欲也,今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羡,似面翻,慕也。非也,字书无从次之字,惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 1 edit
Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
羨
- to envy; to admire
- † superfluous; in surplus
- † surplus; affluence
- † to surpass; to exceed
- † abundant; plentiful
- † crooked; evil
- 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
- a surname
Compounds edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
羨
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
羨
References edit
- “羨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings edit
- On (unclassified): せん (sen, Jōyō); えん (en)
- Kun: うらやましい (urayamashii, 羨ましい, Jōyō); うらやむ (urayamu, 羨む, Jōyō); あまり (amari)
- Nanori: よし (yoshi)
Compounds edit
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC zjenH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [선(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja edit
羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon))
Compounds edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC yenH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [연]
Hanja edit
羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]