考察

Chinese

		to check; to verify; to test to check; to verify; to test; to examine	examine; inquire; observe examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine
trad. (考察)		考	察
simp. #(考察)		考	察

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎochá

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ ㄔㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau² caat³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kháu-chhat
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khóⁿ-chhat / khó-chhat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kao² cag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎochá
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ ㄔㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎochá
    • Wade–Giles: kʻao³-chʻa²
    • Yale: kǎu-chá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaochar
    • Palladius: каоча (kaoča)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 考察 考查

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau² caat³
    • Yale: háau chaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau² tsaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao² cad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu-chhat
    • Hakka Romanization System: kau` cad`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kau³ cad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯³¹ t͡sʰat̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ-chhat
    • Tâi-lô: khónn-tshat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvofzhad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-chhat
    • Tâi-lô: khó-tshat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoyzhad
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kao² cag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kháu tshak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰak̚²/

Verb

考察

1. to go to the scene to observe; to conduct an on-the-spot investigation; to inspect
2. to do in-depth research

Related terms

• 查考 (chákǎo)
• 視察／视察 (shìchá)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (考察):

• → Japanese: 考察(こうさつ) (kōsatsu)
• → Korean: 고찰(考察) (gochal)
• → Vietnamese: khảo sát (考察)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
考	察
こう Grade: 2	さつ Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːsa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

考(こう)察(さつ) • (kōsatsu) 

1. consideration
2. discussion
3. speculation

Verb

考(こう)察(さつ)する • (kōsatsu suru) suru (stem 考(こう)察(さつ)し (kōsatsu shi), past 考(こう)察(さつ)した (kōsatsu shita))

1. to consider
2. to discuss
3. to speculate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "考察する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	考察し	こうさつし	kōsatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	考察し	こうさつし	kōsatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	考察する	こうさつする	kōsatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	考察する	こうさつする	kōsatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	考察すれ	こうさつすれ	kōsatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	考察せよ¹ 考察しろ²	こうさつせよ¹ こうさつしろ²	kōsatsu seyo¹ kōsatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	考察される	こうさつされる	kōsatsu sareru
Causative	考察させる 考察さす	こうさつさせる こうさつさす	kōsatsu saseru kōsatsu sasu
Potential	考察できる	こうさつできる	kōsatsu dekiru
Volitional	考察しよう	こうさつしよう	kōsatsu shiyō
Negative	考察しない	こうさつしない	kōsatsu shinai
Negative continuative	考察せず	こうさつせず	kōsatsu sezu
Formal	考察します	こうさつします	kōsatsu shimasu
Perfective	考察した	こうさつした	kōsatsu shita
Conjunctive	考察して	こうさつして	kōsatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	考察すれば	こうさつすれば	kōsatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative