Wiktionary

肴

See also: 餚
肴 U+80B4, 肴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B4
← 肳
[U+80B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肵 →
[U+80B5]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

肴 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大大月 (KKB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿱㐅有)

  1. cooked or prepared meat

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 976, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29322
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2049, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+80B4

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崤 *ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩 *qaːwʔ
敎 *kraːw, *kraːws
較 *kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴 *ɢraːw
淆 *ɢraːw
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻 *ɢraːw
餚 *ɢraːw
殽 *ɢraːw
笅 *ɢraːw
駁 *praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes.

Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.

Etymology 1 edit

trad. 肴
simp. # 肴

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • hâu - literary;
  • gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗).
    Rime
    Character 肴
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 肴 (90)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 胡茅切
    Baxter haew
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠau/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦᵚau/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣau/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦaɨw/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣau/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣau/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣau/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiáo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haau4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 肴
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yáo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hæw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁraw/
    English food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 肴
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14645
    Phonetic
    component         		爻
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		肴
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢraːw/

    Definitions edit

    肴

    1. prepared meat
    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 肴 – see 餚 (“meat dish”).
    (This character is the simplified form of 餚).
    Notes:

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    肴

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1 edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    肴 (sakana): a side dish served with alcoholic beverages.
    Kanji in this term
    肴
    さかな
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    Compound of Old Japanese elements 酒 (saka, “sake, rice wine”, old combining form of modern sake reading) +‎ 菜 (na, “side dish”).[1][2][3] Likely source of Okinawan さかな (sakana).

    Alternative forms edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    肴(さかな) • (sakana) 

    1. fish
    2. a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat
    3. entertainment at a drinking party
    Usage notes edit

    The fish sense is more commonly spelled 魚.

    Idioms edit
    Idioms

    Etymology 2 edit

     
    肴 (na): fish as a side dish.
    Kanji in this term
    肴
    な
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Also spelled variously in kanji in modern Japanese as 肴 (for meat or fish), 菜 (for vegetables), 魚 (for fish).[1]

    This reading appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    肴(な) • (na) 

    1. a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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