Wiktionary

膽

See also: 胆
膽 U+81BD, 膽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BD
← 膼
[U+81BC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膾 →
[U+81BE]

Translingual edit

Japanese 胆
Simplified 胆
Traditional 膽

Han character edit

膽 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 77261, composition ⿰月詹)

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+81BD

Chinese edit

trad. 膽
simp. 胆
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 膽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (詹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
甔 *toːm, *taːm, *taːms
擔 *taːm, *taːms
儋 *ʔl'aːm
聸 *taːm
膽 *taːmʔ
黵 *taːmʔ, *tjamʔ
澹 *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms
憺 *daːmʔ, *daːms
瞻 *tjam
詹 *tjam
蟾 *tjam, *djam
噡 *tjam
譫 *tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb
幨 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
襜 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
韂 *tʰjams
贍 *djams
檐 *lam
簷 *lam
舚 *tʰeːm, *tʰeːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).

Etymology edit

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • táⁿ - vernacular;
  • tám - literary.
Rime
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都敢切
Baxter tamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tamX/
Li
Rong 		/tɑmX/
Wang
Li 		/tɑmX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tamX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]ˁamʔ/
English gall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
No. 16751
Phonetic
component 		詹
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		膽
Old
Chinese 		/*taːmʔ/

Definitions edit

膽

  1. (anatomy) gallbladder
    膽囊／胆囊  ―  dǎnnáng  ―  gall bladder
  2. (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
    大膽／大胆  ―  dàdǎn  ―  bold
    冇膽鬼／冇胆鬼 [Cantonese]  ―  mou5 daam2 gwai2 [Jyutping]  ―  coward
  3. inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)
  4. vacuum tube
  5. (gambling) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    膽拖／胆拖 [Cantonese]  ―  daam2 to1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms edit

  • (guts):

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

胆

Kyūjitai

膽

Kanji edit

膽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 胆)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 膽 (MC tamX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 담〯 (Yale: tǎm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄡᅳᆯ게 (Yale: psùlkèy) 담 (Yale: tàm)

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ta̠(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [담(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))

  1. Hanja form? of 담 (“gall bladder”).
  2. Hanja form? of 담 (“courage; nerve”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

膽: Hán Nôm readings: đảm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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