膿

See also: 脓

膿 U+81BF, 膿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BF ← 膾 [U+81BE] CJK Unified Ideographs 臀 → [U+81C0]

Translingual

Han character

膿 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月廿田女 (BTWV), four-corner 7523₂, composition ⿰⺼農)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29938
• Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2116, character 7
• Unihan data for U+81BF

Chinese

trad.		膿
simp.		脓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (農) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嶩	*nuː
噥	*rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ
鬞	*rnuːŋ, *noŋ
擃	*rnuːŋʔ
齈	*noːŋs
癑	*noːŋs
農	*nuːŋ
辳	*nuːŋ
憹	*nuːŋ
膿	*nuːŋ
儂	*nuːŋ
濃	*noŋ
醲	*noŋ
襛	*noŋ, *njoŋ
穠	*noŋ, *njoŋ
檂	*noŋ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nóng (nong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nung⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): nùng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): nung²

• Eastern Min (BUC): nè̤ng / nùng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lông / lâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): long⁵ / lang⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶non

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
    • Wade–Giles: nung²
    • Yale: núng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
    • Palladius: нун (nun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nung⁴
    • Yale: nùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: nungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nung²
    • Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: nung²
    • Sinological IPA: /nʊŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nè̤ng / nùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /nˡuŋ⁵³/

Note:

• nè̤ng - vernacular;
• nùng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông / lâng
    • Tâi-lô: lông / lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loong, laang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/, /laŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/, /laŋ²³/

Note:

• lông - literary;
• lâng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: long⁵ / lang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lông / lâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loŋ⁵⁵/, /laŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• long5 - literary;
• lang5 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶non
    • MiniDict: non^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³non
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /noŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nowng

Rime
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	奴冬切
Baxter	nowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/noŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nawŋ/
Li Rong	/noŋ/
Wang Li	/nuoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/nuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤuŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nóng
Middle Chinese	‹ nowng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nˁuŋ/
English	pus
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
No.	9575
Phonetic component	農
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	農
Old Chinese	/*nuːŋ/

Definitions

膿

1. pus

   • 留意感染的徵兆，比如發燒、發紅、腫脹、灼熱、疼痛加劇、流膿或割傷部位周圍有紅色條紋等。 [MSC, trad.]
     留意感染的征兆，比如发烧、发红、肿胀、灼热、疼痛加剧、流脓或割伤部位周围有红色条纹等。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 急救基本知识, Qingdao United Family Hospital (青岛和睦家医院)

     Liúyì gǎnrǎn de zhēngzhào, bǐrú fāshāo, fāhóng, zhǒngzhàng, zhuórè, téngtòng jiājù, liú nóng huò gēshāng bùwèi zhōuwéi yǒu hóngsè tiáowén děng. [Pinyin]

     Watch for signs of infection, which are fever, redness, swelling, warmth, increasing pain, pus, or red streaks around the cut area etc.

Compounds

• 信口捏膿／信口捏脓
• 化膿／化脓 (huànóng)
• 捏膿／捏脓
• 灌膿／灌脓
• 煨膿／煨脓
• 膿包／脓包 (nóngbāo)
• 膿包貨／脓包货
• 膿團／脓团
• 膿毒病／脓毒病
• 膿泡／脓泡
• 膿痂疹／脓痂疹
• 膿疱病
• 膿皰／脓疱 (nóngpào)
• 膿胸／脓胸 (nóngxiōng)
• 膿腫／脓肿 (nóngzhǒng)
• 膿血／脓血
• 膿血債／脓血债
• 貢膿／贡脓
• 軟膿包／软脓包

 

Descendants

• → Proto-Katuic: *pnuŋ (“pus”)
• → Proto-Tai: *ʰnoːŋᴬ (“pus”)
  • Thai: หนอง (nɔ̌ɔng)

Japanese

Kanji

膿

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: の (no); のう (nō)
• Kan-on: どう (dō)
• Kun: うむ (umu, 膿む); うみ (umi, 膿)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
膿
うみ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨umi₁⟩ → */umʲi/ → /umi/

Possibly from Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 膿む (umu, “to fester”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) うみ​ [ùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Noun

膿(うみ) • (umi) 

1. pus

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 膿(うみ)汁(しる) (umishiru)
• 膿(うみ)吸(す)い石(いし) (umisui-ishi)
• 膿(うみ)血(ち) (umichi)
• 血(ち)膿(うみ) (chiumi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
膿
のう Hyōgaiji
goon

From Middle Chinese 膿 (MC nowng).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) の​ー [nóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [no̞ː]

Affix

膿(のう) • (nō) 

1. (medicine) pus

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 膿(のう)痂(か)疹(しん) (nōkashin)
• 膿(のう)胸(きょう) (nōkyō)
• 膿(のう)血(けつ) (nōketsu)
• 膿(のう)腫(しゅ) (nōshu)
• 膿(のう)汁(じゅう) (nōjū)
• 膿(のう)毒(どく)症(しょう) (nōdoku-shō)
• 膿(のう)尿(にょう) (nōnyō)
• 膿(のう)皮(ひ)症(しょう) (nōhi-shō)
• 膿(のう)疱(ほう) (nōhō)
• 膿(のう)盆(ぼん) (nōbon)
• 膿(のう)瘍(よう) (nōyō)
• 膿(のう)漏(ろう) (nōrō)
• 化(か)膿(のう) (kanō)
• 排(はい)膿(のう) (hainō)

Noun

膿(のう) • (nō) 

1. (medicine) pus

Korean

Hanja

膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong))

1. Hanja form^? of 농 (“pus”).