Translingual
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Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
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臤
|
*kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
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掔
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*kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
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慳
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*kʰriːn
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藖
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*ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
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堅
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*kiːn
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鋻
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*kiːn, *kiːns
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鰹
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*kiːn
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蜸
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*kʰiːnʔ
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菣
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*kʰiːns, *kʰins
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賢
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*ɡiːn
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礥
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*ɡiːn, *ɢrin
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臔
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*ɡiːnʔ
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挋
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*kiŋs
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臣
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*ɡiŋ
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茞
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*ɡiŋ
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腎
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*ɡjinʔ
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頣
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*hŋiŋʔ
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緊
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*kinʔ
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嚚
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*ŋɡriŋ
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鏗
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*kʰreːŋ
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摼
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*kʰreːŋ
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硻
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*kʰreːŋ
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Pronunciation 1
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Rime
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Character
|
臤
|
臤
|
臤
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Reading #
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1/4
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2/4
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4/4
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Initial (聲)
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溪 (29)
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溪 (29)
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溪 (29)
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Final (韻)
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寒 (61)
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山 (73)
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眞 (44)
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Tone (調)
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Level (Ø)
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Level (Ø)
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Departing (H)
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Openness (開合)
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Open
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Open
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Open
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Division (等)
|
I
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II
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III
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Fanqie
|
苦寒切
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苦閑切
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去刃切
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Baxter
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khan
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khean
|
khinH
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Reconstructions
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Zhengzhang Shangfang
|
/kʰɑn/
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/kʰˠɛn/
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/kʰˠiɪnH/
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Pan Wuyun
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/kʰɑn/
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/kʰᵚæn/
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/kʰᵚinH/
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Shao Rongfen
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/kʰɑn/
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/kʰæn/
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/kʰienH/
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Edwin Pulleyblank
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/kʰan/
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/kʰəɨn/
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/kʰjinH/
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Li Rong
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/kʰɑn/
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/kʰɛn/
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/kʰjĕnH/
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Wang Li
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/kʰɑn/
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/kʰæn/
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/kʰǐĕnH/
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Bernard Karlgren
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/kʰɑn/
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/kʰăn/
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/kʰi̯ĕnH/
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Expected Mandarin Reflex
|
kān
|
qiān
|
qìn
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Expected Cantonese Reflex
|
hon1 |
haan1 |
han3 |
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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臤
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臤
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臤
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Reading #
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1/4
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2/4
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4/4
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No.
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1324
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1326
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1348
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Phonetic component
|
臣
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臣
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臣
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Rime group
|
元
|
眞
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眞
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Rime subdivision
|
1
|
1
|
1
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Corresponding MC rime
|
看
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慳
|
菣
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Old Chinese
|
/*kʰaːn/
|
/*kʰriːn/
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/*kʰins/
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Definitions
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臤
- (obsolete) firm and solid; rigid; stable
References
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Pronunciation 2
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See also
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Japanese
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臤 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
- wise
- hard