芡

芡	U+82A1, 芡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82A1

Translingual edit

Han character edit

芡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿弓人 (TNO), four-corner 4480₂, composition ⿱艹欠)

Derived characters edit

𡞁, 𥟕

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1019, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30705
Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3183, character 9
Unihan data for U+82A1

Chinese edit

trad.		芡
simp. ^#		芡

Wikipedia has articles on:

芡 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Euryale ferox (English)

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
坎	kʰoːmʔ, kʰoːms
扻	*kʰoːmʔ
砍	*kʰoːmʔ
芡	*ɡromʔ
欠	*kʰoms
杴	*qʰom
鍁	*qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡromʔ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): him³, hin³
Eastern Min (BUC): kiêng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiàm / khiàn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
  - Yale: chyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: him³, hin³
  - Yale: him, hin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: him³, hin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: him³, hin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm³³/, /hiːn³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm
  - Tâi-lô: khiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaxm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàn
  - Tâi-lô: khiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiexn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn¹¹/

Middle Chinese: gjemX

Rime
Character	芡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨險切
Baxter	gjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiam^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gim⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡromʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芡
Reading #	1/1
No.	10273
Phonetic component	欠
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	儉
Old Chinese	/*ɡromʔ/

Definitions edit

芡

Euryale ferox, a plant allied to the water lily
cornstarch (with water)
(Eastern Min) to thicken a soup by means of starch
(Southern Min) tempering (spices)

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 勾芡 (“to thicken a soup by means of starch”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		勾芡
Mandarin	Beijing	勾芡兒, 勾芡
	Taiwan	勾芡
	Tianjin	勾滷兒
	Jinan	勾芡
	Luoyang	勾芡
	Wanrong	勾芡
	Xining	勾芡
	Ürümqi	勾芡
	Chengdu	勾芡, 淋芡
	Guiyang	勾芡
	Liuzhou	打芡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	打芡
	Hong Kong	打芡
	Taishan	打河
	Dongguan	打芡
Hakka	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牽粉
Hakka	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牽漿
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	芡
Southern Min	Xiamen	牽滷, 拍滷, 牽羹, 譴滷, 徛滷
	Quanzhou	譴滷, 寄滷, 兜羹
	Zhangzhou	牽滷, 拍滷, 譴滷, 徛滷, 兜粉
	Kaohsiung	牽粉
	Yilan	牽羹
	Changhua (Lukang)	牽羹
	Taichung	牽粉
	Taichung (Wuqi)	牽羹
	Tainan	牽羹
	Taitung	牽粉
	Hsinchu	牽羹
	Penghu (Magong)	牽粉
	Singapore (Hokkien)	牽滷, 拍滷, 譴滷
	Bangkok (Teochew)	拍滷
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	打芡, 打滷子
Wu	Shanghai	著膩
	Suzhou	著膩
	Ningbo	鑽漿

Compounds edit

勾芡 (gōuqiàn)
打芡
淋芡
粉芡
芡實／芡实 (qiànshí)
芡粉 (qiànfěn)

References edit

“芡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #4440”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

芡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

prickly waterlily (Euryale ferox)

Readings edit

Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)}^{←げむ (gemu, ancient)}
Kan-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)}^{←けむ (kemu, ancient)}

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
芡
みずぶき Hyōgaiji
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 芡 – see the following entry: 水蕗

(The following entry is uncreated: 水蕗.)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

芡 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

芡 (khiếm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.