芫

Translingual edit

Han character edit

芫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿一一山 (TMMU), four-corner 4421₁, composition ⿱艹元)

Derived characters edit

𡝴𢯥

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30727
Dae Jaweon: page 1477, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3178, character 1
Unihan data for U+82AB

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冠	kŋoːn, kŋoːns
莞	kŋoːn, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	ŋoːn, ŋoːns
蚖	ŋoːn, ŋon
黿	ŋoːn, ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːns
綄	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːnʔ
院	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋons
皖	ɦŋoːnʔ, ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	ŋroːn, ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	ŋon, ŋonʔ
阮	ŋon, ŋonʔ
俒	ɦŋuːn, ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Etymology 1 edit

trad.		芫
simp. ^#		芫
alternative forms		杬

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): goân

(Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gnioe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴
  - Yale: yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
  - Tâi-lô: guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnioe
  - MiniDict: nyoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/

Middle Chinese: ngjwon

Rime
Character	芫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	愚袁切
Baxter	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芫
Reading #	1/1
No.	16148
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	元
Old Chinese	/*ŋon/

Definitions edit

芫

(～花) Daphne genkwa (a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine)

Compounds edit

芫花 (yuánhuā)

Etymology 2 edit

trad.		芫
simp. ^#		芫
alternative forms		蒝

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yán, yuán

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ, ㄩㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴, jim⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³
Gan (Wiktionary): ien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iân / ian / oan / oân / goân

(Teochew, Peng'im): uang⁵ / uêng⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gnioe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ie²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴, jim⁴
  - Yale: yùhn, yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴, jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴, yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/, /jiːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
  - Tâi-lô: iân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /iɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
  - Tâi-lô: ian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
  - IPA (Lukang): /iɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
  - Tâi-lô: uan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
  - IPA (Kinmen): /uan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
  - Tâi-lô: uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
  - IPA (Penang): /uan²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
  - Tâi-lô: guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴/

Note:

iân/ian/oan/oân - vernacular;
goân - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: uang⁵ / uêng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uâng / uêng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ⁵⁵/, /ueŋ⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnioe
  - MiniDict: nyoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ie²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯e̞¹³/

Definitions edit

芫

Only used in 芫荽 (yánsuī) and its regional synonyms.

Compounds edit

芫茜
芫荽 (yánsuī)

References edit

“芫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

芫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): げん (gen); がん (gan)
Kun: さつまふじ (satsumafuji); ふじもど (fujimodo)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

芫 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

芫: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.