菩薩
Chinese edit
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (菩薩) | 菩 | 薩 | |
simp. (菩萨) | 菩 | 萨 |
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Short for 菩提薩埵/菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), itself from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Later semantically extended to refer to a particularly virtuous person. (Dassanayake (2021))
Noun edit
菩薩
- (Buddhism) bodhisattva
- (figurative, sometimes ironic) kind-hearted person; kind and charitable person
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- 四大菩薩/四大菩萨 (Sì Dà Púsà)
- 土地菩薩/土地菩萨 (tǔdì púsà)
- 土菩薩過江/土菩萨过江 (tǔpúsà guòjiāng)
- 地藏王菩薩/地藏王菩萨 (Dìzàngwáng Púsà)
- 地藏菩薩/地藏菩萨 (Dìzàng Púsà)
- 大勢至菩薩/大势至菩萨 (Dàshìzhì Púsà)
- 楊泗菩薩/杨泗菩萨
- 泥菩薩/泥菩萨
- 泥菩薩落水/泥菩萨落水 (nípúsà luòshuǐ)
- 泥菩薩過江/泥菩萨过江 (nípúsàguòjiāng)
- 活菩薩/活菩萨 (huópúsà)
- 生菩薩/生菩萨
- 眼光菩薩/眼光菩萨
- 肉身菩薩/肉身菩萨
- 菩提正道菩薩戒論/菩提正道菩萨戒论
- 菩薩低眉/菩萨低眉
- 菩薩十地/菩萨十地
- 菩薩哥兒/菩萨哥儿
- 菩薩地/菩萨地
- 菩薩心腸/菩萨心肠 (púsàxīncháng)
- 菩薩戒/菩萨戒 (Púsà jiè)
- 菩薩蠻/菩萨蛮 (púsàmán)
- 菩薩面/菩萨面 (púsàmiàn)
- 菩薩魚/菩萨鱼 (púsàyú)
- 藥王菩薩/药王菩萨 (Yàowáng Púsà)
- 觀世音菩薩/观世音菩萨 (Guānshìyīn Púsà)
- 觀自在菩薩/观自在菩萨 (Guānzìzài Púsà)
- 觀音菩薩/观音菩萨 (Guānyīn Púsà)
- 路頭菩薩/路头菩萨
- 邊菩薩/边菩萨
- 馬明菩薩/马明菩萨
- 黃毛菩薩/黄毛菩萨
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Phono-semantic matching of Khmer ពោធិ៍សាត់ (Pothi៍sat).
Proper noun edit
菩薩
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
菩 | 薩 |
ぼ Jinmeiyō |
さつ Jinmeiyō |
goon | kan’on |
Alternative spellings |
---|
𬻀 𦬇 |
/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/
Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”)[1][2][3][4][5][6] or Pali bodhisatta.
Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩/菩萨 (pou4 saat3).
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) ぼさつ [bóꜜsàtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[5]
- (Tokyo) ぼさつ [bòsátsú] (Heiban – [0])[5]
- IPA(key): [bo̞sa̠t͡sɨᵝ]
Noun edit
- (Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva
- (obsolete) a title granted by the imperial court to notably virtuous high-ranking monks
- (archaic) a title applied to native Shinto deities after the spread of 本地垂迹 (honji suijaku, theological position prevalent until the Meiji period, explaining that Buddhist deities from India choose to appear in Japan as native kami)
- in gagaku circles, a dancer dressed up as a bodhisattva
- (colloquial) Synonym of 米 (kome): rice grains
- (by extension) a maidservant who cooks rice
Derived terms edit
- 菩薩戒 (bosatsu-kai)
- 菩薩行 (bosatsu-gyō), 菩薩道 (bosatsu-dō)
- 菩薩乗 (bosatsu-jō)
- 生き菩薩 (iki bosatsu)
- 延命菩薩 (Enmei Bosatsu)
- 月光菩薩 (Gakkō Bosatsu)
- 歌舞の菩薩 (kabu no bosatsu)
- 外面似菩薩内心如夜叉 (gemen ji-bosatsu naishin nyo-yasha)
- 観自在菩薩 (Kanjizai Bosatsu)
- 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu), 観音菩薩 (Kannon Bosatsu)
- 脇士菩薩 (kyōji-bosatsu)
- 旧住の菩薩 (kujū no bosatsu)
- 救世菩薩 (Kuse Bosatsu)
- 救脱菩薩 (Kudatsu Bosatsu)
- 化菩薩 (kebosatsu)
- 虚空蔵菩薩 (Kokūzō Bosatsu)
- 興正菩薩 (Kōshō Bosatsu)
- 五大力菩薩 (Godairiki Bosatsu)
- 金剛蔵王菩薩 (Kongō-zōō Bosatsu)
- 𦬇菩薩 (sasa bosatsu)
- 慈氏菩薩 (Jishi Bosatsu)
- 持地菩薩 (Jiji Bosatsu)
- 地蔵菩薩 (Jizō Bosatsu)
- 四菩薩 (Shi-bosatsu)
- 地涌の菩薩 (jiyu no bosatsu)
- 上行菩薩 (Jōgyō Bosatsu)
- 常啼菩薩 (Jōtai Bosatsu)
- 勢至菩薩 (Seishi Bosatsu)
- 大悲菩薩 (Daihi Bosatsu)
- 大菩薩 (dai-bosatsu)
- 多羅菩薩 (Tara Bosatsu)
- 二菩薩 (ni-bosatsu)
- 二十五菩薩 (Nijūgo-bosatsu)
- 女菩薩 (nyobosatsu)
- 如菩薩 (nyobosatsu)
- 不軽菩薩 (Fukyō Bosatsu)
- 普賢菩薩 (Fugen Bosatsu)
- 仏菩薩 (butsu-bosatsu)
- 妙音菩薩 (Myōon Bosatsu)
- 妙見菩薩 (Myōken Bosatsu)
- 弥勒菩薩 (Miroku Bosatsu)
- 文殊菩薩 (Monju Bosatsu)
- 薬王菩薩 (Yakuō Bosatsu)
- 勇施菩薩 (Yuse Bosatsu)
Proper noun edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
菩 | 薩 |
ぼ Jinmeiyō |
さち Jinmeiyō |
goon |
/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.
Noun edit
- (Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Suzumushi)
- 阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...
- Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Suzumushi)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ “菩薩”, in 日本大百科全書:ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “菩薩”, in 世界大百科事典 第2版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “菩薩”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
Korean edit
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
菩 | 薩 |
Noun edit
- Hanja form? of 보살 (“bodhisattva”).
Okinawan edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
菩 | 薩 |
Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
Etymology edit
Cognate with Japanese 菩薩 (bosatsu).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
菩薩 (būsā)
Derived terms edit
- ぶーさーがなしー (būsā-ganashī)
References edit
- “ブーサー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Vietnamese edit
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
菩 | 薩 |
Noun edit
菩薩
- chữ Hán form of bồ tát (“bodhisattva”).