諳

See also: 谙

諳 U+8AF3, 諳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF3 ← 諲 [U+8AF2] CJK Unified Ideographs 諴 → [U+8AF4]

Translingual

Han character

諳 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜廿日 (YRYTA), four-corner 0066₁, composition ⿰訁音)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1171, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35736
• Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 19
• Unihan data for U+8AF3

Chinese

trad.		諳
simp.		谙
alternative forms		闇／暗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諳
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (音) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
諳	*qɯːm
腤	*qɯːm
嬜	*qɯːm, *qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm
喑	*qɯːm, *qrɯm, *qrɯms
揞	*qɯːmʔ, *qrɯːms
隌	*qɯːmʔ, *qrɯm
罯	*qɯːmʔ, *qɯːb
暗	*qɯːms
闇	*qɯːms
黯	*qrɯːm, *qrɯːmʔ
歆	*qʰrɯm
愔	*qɯm
韾	*qɯm
音	*qrɯm
瘖	*qrɯm
窨	*qrɯms
湆	*kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːm) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 音 (OC *qrɯm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): ān (an¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄢ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngan²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): am¹, am²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ān
    • Zhuyin: ㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: an
    • Wade–Giles: an¹
    • Yale: ān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: an
    • Palladius: ань (anʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: am¹, am²
    • Yale: ām, ám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: am¹, am²
    • Guangdong Romanization: em¹, em²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐm⁵⁵/, /ɐm³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

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• Middle Chinese: 'om

Rime
Character	諳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏含切
Baxter	'om
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəm/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəm/
Li Rong	/ʔᴀm/
Wang Li	/ɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	am1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諳
Reading #	1/1
No.	15206
Phonetic component	音
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	諳
Old Chinese	/*qɯːm/

Definitions

諳

1. to learn by heart
2. to be well versed in, to know well; to be familiar with; to be fully acquainted with

   他深諳著我們國家的底層社會。 [MSC, trad.]
   他深谙着我们国家的底层社会。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā shēn ān zhe wǒmen guójiā de dǐcéng shèhuì. [Pinyin]

   He has a deep understanding of the underclass of our country.

3. (Sichuanese) to think, to believe

Compounds

• 不諳／不谙
• 不諳事務／不谙事务
• 熟諳／熟谙 (shú'ān)
• 知音諳呂／知音谙吕
• 言不諳典／言不谙典
• 諳事／谙事
• 諳分／谙分
• 諳歷／谙历
• 諳練／谙练 (ānliàn)
• 諳習／谙习 (ānxí)

 

References

• “諳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

諳

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: おん (on)
• Kan-on: あん (an)
• Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諳じる)

Korean

Hanja

諳 • (am) (hangeul 암)

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Vietnamese

Han character

諳: Hán Nôm readings: am

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