謙讓

See also: 谦让 and 謙譲

Chinese

		modest	to ask; to let; permit to ask; to let; permit; have (someone do something); to yield; to allow
trad. (謙讓)		謙	讓
simp. (谦让)		谦	让

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiānràng

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ ㄖㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): him¹ joeng⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiam-niū / khiam-niō͘ / khiam-jiōng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiānràng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ ㄖㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cianràng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-jang⁴
    • Yale: chyān-ràng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianranq
    • Palladius: цяньжан (cjanʹžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: him¹ joeng⁶
    • Yale: hīm yeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: him¹ joeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: him¹ yêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːm⁵⁵ jœːŋ²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam-niū
    • Tâi-lô: khiam-niū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiamniu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam³³ niũ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam-niō͘
    • Tâi-lô: khiam-niōo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam-jiōng
    • Tâi-lô: khiam-jiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiamjiong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɔŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: khem nyangH

Rime
Character	謙	讓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	苦兼切	人樣切
Baxter	khem	nyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰem/	/ȵɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰem/	/ȵiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛm/	/ȵʑiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛm/	/ȵɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/kʰem/	/ȵiaŋH/
Wang Li	/kʰiem/	/ȵʑĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiem/	/ȵʑi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān	ràng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	him1	joeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤem  naŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːm  njaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謙	讓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān	ràng
Middle Chinese	‹ khem ›	‹ nyangH ›
Old Chinese	/*k-r̥ˁem/	/*naŋ-s/
English	modest	yield
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謙	讓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6070	13649
Phonetic component	兼	襄
Rime group	談	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	謙	讓
Old Chinese	/*kʰeːm/	/*njaŋs/

Verb

謙讓

1. to modestly decline

Synonyms

• 婉拒 (wǎnjù)
• 婉辭／婉辞 (wǎncí)
• 客氣／客气
• 推免 (tuīmiǎn) (literary)
• 推卻／推却 (tuīquè)
• 推絕／推绝 (tuījué)
• 推謝／推谢 (tuīxiè)
• 推辭／推辞 (tuīcí)
• 禮讓／礼让 (lǐràng)
• 謝絕／谢绝 (xièjué)
• 辭讓／辞让 (círàng)
• 退讓／退让 (tuìràng)

 

Adjective

謙讓

1. humble; modest; unassuming

Synonyms

• 徛裡／徛里 (kiê-*diē) (Eastern Min)
• 自謙／自谦 (zìqiān)
• 虛心／虚心 (xūxīn)
• 課謙／课谦 (Hokkien)
• 謙卑／谦卑 (qiānbēi)
• 謙抑／谦抑 (qiānyì) (literary)
• 謙沖／谦冲 (qiānchōng) (literary)
• 謙虛／谦虚 (qiānxū)
• 謙遜／谦逊 (qiānxùn)
• 顧謙／顾谦 (Hokkien)

 

Antonyms

• 驕傲／骄傲 (jiāo'ào)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (謙讓):

• → Japanese: 謙(けん)譲(じょう) (kenjō)
• → Korean: 겸양(謙讓) (gyeomyang)
• → Vietnamese: khiêm nhường (謙讓)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
謙	讓
けん Grade: S	じょう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi	kan’on

For pronunciation and definitions of 謙讓 – see the following entry.

【謙譲けんじょう】 [adjective] modest, humble [noun] modesty, humility [verb] to humble

(This term, 謙讓, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
謙	讓

Noun

謙讓 • (gyeomyang) (hangeul 겸양)

1. Hanja form^? of 겸양.