謬

See also: 谬

謬	U+8B2C, 謬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B2C

← 謫
[U+8B2B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

謭 →
[U+8B2D]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

謬 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸一竹 (YRSMH), four-corner 0762₂, composition ⿰訁翏)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1177, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35872
Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4015, character 12
Unihan data for U+8B2C

Chinese edit

trad.		謬
simp.		谬

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
醪	*ruːw
嫪	ruːw, rɯːws
嘐	ɡ·ruːw, krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿	rrɯːw, rrɯːwʔ
顟	*rrɯːw
膠	krɯːw, krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇	*krɯːw
摎	krɯːw, rɯw
髎	riw, rɯːw
熮	riws, rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖	rɯːw, rɯːws, *rɯws
憀	rɯːw, rɯw
豂	*rɯːw
漻	*rɯːw
翏	ɡ·rɯːw, ɡ·rɯws
寥	rɯːw, rɯːwɢ
蓼	rɯːwʔ, rɯwɢ
鄝	*rɯːwʔ
鷚	mɡlɯw, rɯwɢs, mɡrɯw, ɡrɯw
繆	mlɯw, mɡrɯw, mrɯws, mlɯwɢ
勠	rɯw, rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁	*rɯw
飂	rɯw, rɯws
鏐	rɯw, rɯw
僇	rɯwɢs, rɯwɢ
瘳	*r̥ʰɯw
璆	ɡlɯw, ɡrɯw
謬	*mrɯws
蟉	ɡ·rɯw, ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛	*krɯw
磟	ruːwɢ, rɯwɢ
戮	*rɯwɢ
剹	*rɯwɢ
穋	*rɯwɢ

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiː(l/r) (“to bend; to wind; to twist; to roll”), i.e. “to twist words; to twist the truth”. Related to 糾 (OC *krɯwʔ, “to entangle”), 絞 (OC *kreːwʔ, “to twist; to strangle”), 摎 (OC *krɯːw, “to strangle”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): miù, niù (miu⁴, niu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄡˋ, ㄋㄧㄡˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): miu⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mau⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mau⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): mieu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): meu

(Meixian, Guangdong): miau³
Jin (Wiktionary): niou³
Northern Min (KCR): miāu
Eastern Min (BUC): miêu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): biū

(Teochew, Peng'im): niu⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶mieu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): miau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miù
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miòu
  - Wade–Giles: miu⁴
  - Yale: myòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miow
  - Palladius: мю (mju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Beijing dialect)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niù
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niòu
  - Wade–Giles: niu⁴
  - Yale: nyòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niow
  - Palladius: ню (nju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: miu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miəu²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mau⁶
  - Yale: mauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mau⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbau³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: mieu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu
  - Hakka Romanization System: meu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: miau³
  - Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: niou³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: miêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biū
  - Tâi-lô: biū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biu²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biu³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biu³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: niu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶mieu
  - MiniDict: mieu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɤ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: miau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 謬
Mandarin	Beijing	/miou⁵¹/ /niou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/niou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/niou⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵiou²¹/
	Qingdao	/niou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/niou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/niou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/miɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/niəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵiou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵiɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/miau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/miau¹³/ /miəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/miəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/miəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/miɔo⁴⁴/ /miəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/niəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/miɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/mɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiu¹³/
	Wenzhou	/miɛ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/miɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/miu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/miau⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/miaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/miau³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐu²²/
	Nanning	/mɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/biu²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/miɛu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/niau⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nĩu³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/miu³⁵/

Middle Chinese: mjiwH

Rime
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	靡幼切
Baxter	mjiwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miɪu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mɨu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mieu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjiw^H/
Li Rong	/miĕu^H/
Wang Li	/miəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mieu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riw-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mrɯws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjiw^H ›
Old Chinese	/m-riw-s/ (dialect: m-r- > *mr-)
English	lie, error < 'twist the truth'
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.