豺

See also: 犲

豺	U+8C7A, 豺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C7A

← 豹
[U+8C79]

CJK Unified Ideographs

豻 →
[U+8C7B]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

豺 (Kangxi radical 153, 豸+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月竹木竹 (BHDH), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰豸才)

Derived characters edit

𡺵

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1200, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36500
Dae Jaweon: page 1662, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3908, character 4
Unihan data for U+8C7A

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		豺
alternative forms		犲𧆯

Wikipedia has articles on:

豺 (Wu)
豺 (Cantonese)
豺 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (才) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
茬	zraː, zraːʔ, ʔsrɯ, zrɯ
材	*zlɯː
才	zlɯː, zlɯːs
財	*zlɯː
鼒	zlɯː, ʔslɯ
在	zlɯːʔ, zlɯːs
豺	*zrɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯː) : semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs).

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “link with Manchu "jar'hu"?”)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chái (chai²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cai²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caai⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): cai³
Gan (Wiktionary): cai²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sài

(Meixian, Guangdong): sai²
Jin (Wiktionary): cai¹
Northern Min (KCR): cǎi
Eastern Min (BUC): chài
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): châi / chhâi / siâ / siâⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): cai⁵ / sai⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶za
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chái
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chái
  - Wade–Giles: chʻai²
  - Yale: chái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
  - Palladius: чай (čaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cai²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: caai⁴
  - Yale: chàaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sài
  - Hakka Romanization System: saiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sai²
  - Sinological IPA: /sai̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sai²
  - Sinological IPA: /saɪ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cai¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi
  - Tâi-lô: tsâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaai
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi
  - Tâi-lô: tshâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâ
  - Tâi-lô: siâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /sia²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia¹³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siã¹³/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- châi/chhâi - literary;
- siâ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cai⁵ / sai⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi / săi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/, /sai³⁵/

Note:

cai5 - literary;
sai6 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶za
  - MiniDict: za^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³za
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /za²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai̯¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzreaj

Rime
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	士皆切
Baxter	dzreaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨj/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛi/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒɐi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrə/

(Zhengzhang): /*zrɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chái
Middle Chinese	‹ dzreaj ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁrə/
English	wolf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
No.	1066
Phonetic component	才
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	豺
Old Chinese	/*zrɯː/

Definitions edit

豺

dhole (Cuon alpinus)
- 豺祭獸，然後田獵。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  豺祭兽，然后田猎。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Chái jì shòu, ránhòu tiánliè. [Pinyin]
  When the dhole sacrificed its prey, the hunting commenced.
豺狼 ― cháiláng ― the dhole and the wolf

豺狗 ― cháigǒu ― dhole

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 豺 (“dhole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		豺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豺, 豺狗
Taxonomic name		豺
Mandarin	Harbin	棒子狗
Mandarin	Lanzhou	豺狼子, 豺狗子
Gan	Nanchang	豺狗
Gan	Pingxiang	豺狗
Hakka	Meixian	豺狗
	Yudu	豺狗
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豺狗
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	豺狗
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	豺狗
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	豺狗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	豺狗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	豺狗
Huizhou	Jixi	豺狗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	豺
Southern Min	Xiamen	豺狗
	Jinjiang	山狗
	Zhangzhou	山狗, 豺狗
Wu	Ningbo	豺狗
Wu	Wenzhou	豺狗
Xiang	Changsha	豺狗子

Usage notes edit

This canid is often misidentified as a jackal (胡狼) or a wolf (狼) by English translators (Schafer, 1991). Chinese translators also often use 豺 to translate "jackal".