走狗

Chinese

		to walk; to go; to move to walk; to go; to move; to leave	dog
simp. and trad. (走狗)		走	狗
Literally: “running dog”.

大陸走狗 (trans.: 'running dog of mainland China')

Etymology

Attestable in pre-Qin texts in the "hunting dog" sense.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zǒugǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau² gau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chéu-kiéu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cháu-káu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zǒugǒu [Phonetic: zóugǒu]
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄡˇ ㄍㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zǒugǒu
    • Wade–Giles: tsou³-kou³
    • Yale: dzǒu-gǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzoougoou
    • Palladius: цзоугоу (czougou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zau² gau²
    • Yale: jáu gáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau² gau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo² geo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯³⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chéu-kiéu
    • Hakka Romanization System: zeu` gieu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zeu³ gieu³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯³¹ ki̯eu̯³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu-káu
    • Tâi-lô: tsáu-káu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaw'kao
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsuwX|tsuwH kuwX

Rime
Character	走	走	狗
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	子苟切	則候切	古厚切
Baxter	tsuwX	tsuwH	kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/	/kəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/	/kəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/	/kəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səwX/	/t͡səwH/	/kəwX/
Li Rong	/t͡suX/	/t͡suH/	/kuX/
Wang Li	/t͡səuX/	/t͡səuH/	/kəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sə̯uX/	/t͡sə̯uH/	/kə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǒu	zòu	gǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau2	zau3	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤoʔ  Cə.kˤroʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːʔ|ʔsoːs  koːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	走	狗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zǒu	gǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsuwX ›	‹ kuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁoʔ/	/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
English	run	dog
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	走	走	狗
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	17906	17907	7068
Phonetic component	走	走	句
Rime group	侯	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	走	奏	苟
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoːʔ/	/*ʔsoːs/	/*koːʔ/

Noun

走狗

1. (literary) hunting dog; hound
2. (literary, historical) dog racing game in ancient times
3. (figurative, politics, derogatory) running dog; lackey; cat's paw; person subservient to counterrevolutionary or evil interests

   資本家的走狗／资本家的走狗  ―  zīběnjiā de zǒugǒu  ―  running dog of capitalists

   • 這些國家的人民起來反對美帝國主義的和其他帝國主義的走狗，也就是反對帝國主義的反動統治。 [MSC, trad.]
     这些国家的人民起来反对美帝国主义的和其他帝国主义的走狗，也就是反对帝国主义的反动统治。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1968, Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao's "The Movement of World Revolution" (毛主席论世界革命)

     Zhèxiē guójiā de rénmín qǐlái fǎnduì měidìguózhǔyì de hé qítā dìguózhǔyì de zǒugǒu, yě jiùshì fǎnduì dìguózhǔyì de fǎndòng tǒngzhì. [Pinyin]

     People opposed to the reactionary rule of imperialism in these countries are rising up against U.S. imperialism and other running dogs of imperialism.

4. (literary, humble) self-deprecating form of address for oneself; the servant me; I, the follower

Synonyms

• (hunting dog): 獵狗／猎狗 (liègǒu), 獵犬／猎犬 (lièquǎn); (Xiang) 趕山狗／赶山狗
• (running dog):

• 共犯 (gòngfàn)
• 共謀／共谋 (gòngmóu)
• 同夥／同伙 (tónghuǒ)
• 同案犯 (tóng'ànfàn)
• 同犯 (tóngfàn)
• 同謀／同谋 (tóngmóu)
• 同謀犯／同谋犯 (tóngmóufàn)
• 同黨／同党 (tóngdǎng)
• 幫兇／帮凶 (bāngxiōng)
• 爪牙 (zhǎoyá) (figurative, derogatory)
• 狗腿 (gǒutuǐ) (figurative, derogatory)
• 狗腿子 (gǒutuǐzi) (figurative, derogatory)
• 走卒 (zǒuzú)
• 鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn) (figurative)

 

Descendants

• → English: running dog (calque)

Verb

走狗

1. (literary) to make a dog run or hunt

Derived terms

• 狡兔死，走狗烹
• 走狗烹
• 飛鷹走狗／飞鹰走狗
• 鬥雞走狗／斗鸡走狗

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
走	狗
そう Grade: 2	く Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

走(そう)狗(く) • (sōku) 

1. hound
2. a tool of another person, cat's paw
   • 1929, 小林多喜二, 不在地主:

     警(けい)察(さつ)は如何(いか)にも君(きみ)等(ら)の言(い)う通(とお)り、資(し)本(ほん)家(か)の走(そう)狗(く)だ。

     Keisatsu wa ika ni mo kimi-ra no iu-tōri, shihonka no sōku da.

     Like you all said, those police are nothing more than capitalist tools.