踏む

Japanese

Kanji in this term
踏
ふ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
履む 践む

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふむ [fùmú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "踏む"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	踏む	ふむ	[fùmú]
Imperative (命令形)	踏め	ふめ	[fùmé]
Key constructions
Passive	踏まれる	ふまれる	[fùmárérú]
Causative	踏ませる	ふませる	[fùmásérú]
Potential	踏める	ふめる	[fùmérú]
Volitional	踏もう	ふも​ー	[fùmóꜜò]
Negative	踏まない	ふまない	[fùmánáí]
Negative perfective	踏まなかった	ふまな​かった	[fùmánáꜜkàttà]
Formal	踏みます	ふみま​す	[fùmímáꜜsù]
Perfective	踏んだ	ふんだ	[fùńdá]
Conjunctive	踏んで	ふんで	[fùńdé]
Hypothetical conditional	踏めば	ふめ​ば	[fùméꜜbà]

Verb

踏(ふ)む • (fumu) transitive godan (stem 踏(ふ)み (fumi), past 踏(ふ)んだ (funda))

1. to step, tread

   ブレーキを踏(ふ)む ― burēki o fumu ― to press on the brakes

   四(し)股(こ)を踏(ふ)む ― shiko o fumu ― to step on all fours

2. to set foot, visit

   ヨーロッパの土(つち)を踏(ふ)む ― Yōroppa no tsuchi o fumu ― to set foot on European soil

3. to experience, go through
4. to follow, go along
5. (religion) to worship

   願(がん)かけに御(お)百(ひゃく)度(ど)を踏(ふ)む

   gankake ni o-hyakudo o fumu

   to worship a hundred times to pray for something

6. to make estimates or valuations

   どう踏(ふ)んでも安(やす)物(もの)だ。

   Dō funde mo yasumono da.

   No matter how much you think it costs, it's a cheapie.

7. to rhyme

   頭(とう)韻(いん)を踏(ふ)む ― tōin o fumu ― to alliterate

8. to occupy a position

   帝(てい)位(い)を踏(ふ)む ― teī o fumu ― to step on the throne

9. (stock market, in margin trading) to buy back open interest at the risk of loss
10. (fishing) to clam with one's feet

Conjugation

Conjugation of "踏む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	踏ま	ふま	fuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	踏み	ふみ	fumi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	踏む	ふむ	fumu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	踏む	ふむ	fumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	踏め	ふめ	fume
Meireikei ("imperative")	踏め	ふめ	fume
Key constructions
Passive	踏まれる	ふまれる	fumareru
Causative	踏ませる 踏ます	ふませる ふます	fumaseru fumasu
Potential	踏める	ふめる	fumeru
Volitional	踏もう	ふもう	fumō
Negative	踏まない	ふまない	fumanai
Negative continuative	踏まず	ふまず	fumazu
Formal	踏みます	ふみます	fumimasu
Perfective	踏んだ	ふんだ	funda
Conjunctive	踏んで	ふんで	funde
Hypothetical conditional	踏めば	ふめば	fumeba

Classical conjugation of "踏む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	踏ま	ふま	fuma
Continuative (連用形)	踏み	ふみ	fumi
Terminal (終止形)	踏む	ふむ	fumu
Attributive (連体形)	踏む	ふむ	fumu
Realis (已然形)	踏め	ふめ	fume
Imperative (命令形)	踏め	ふめ	fume
Key constructions
Negative	踏まず	ふまず	fumazu
Contrasting conjunction	踏めど	ふめど	fumedo
Causal conjunction	踏めば	ふめば	fumeba
Conditional conjunction	踏まば	ふまば	fumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	踏みき	ふみき	fumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	踏みけり	ふみけり	fumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	踏みつ	ふみつ	fumitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	踏みぬ	ふみぬ	fuminu
Perfect-continuative tense	踏めり 踏みたり	ふめり ふみたり	fumeri fumitari
Volitional	踏まむ	ふまむ	fumamu

Derived terms

• ふみえ (fumie) (stepping on a picture of Christ to punish suspected Christians during the Shogunate)
• ふみふみ (fumifumi) ("kneading", when a cat slowly presses its front paws on something to relax)