蹲る
Japanese edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蹲 |
| うずくま Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 踞る |
Etymology edit
The うず(uzu) element is also found in 蹲居 (uzui).[1][2]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) うずくまる [ùzúkúmáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[1][3][4]
- (Tokyo) うずくまる [ùzúkúmárú] (Heiban – [0])[1][3]
- IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝma̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb edit
蹲る • (uzukumaru) intransitive godan (stem 蹲り (uzukumari), past 蹲った (uzukumatta))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "蹲る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 蹲ら | うずくまら | uzukumara |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 蹲り | うずくまり | uzukumari |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 蹲る | うずくまる | uzukumaru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 蹲る | うずくまる | uzukumaru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 蹲れ | うずくまれ | uzukumare |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 蹲れ | うずくまれ | uzukumare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 蹲られる | うずくまられる | uzukumarareru |
| Causative | 蹲らせる 蹲らす |
うずくまらせる うずくまらす |
uzukumaraseru uzukumarasu |
| Potential | 蹲れる | うずくまれる | uzukumareru |
| Volitional | 蹲ろう | うずくまろう | uzukumarō |
| Negative | 蹲らない | うずくまらない | uzukumaranai |
| Negative continuative | 蹲らず | うずくまらず | uzukumarazu |
| Formal | 蹲ります | うずくまります | uzukumarimasu |
| Perfective | 蹲った | うずくまった | uzukumatta |
| Conjunctive | 蹲って | うずくまって | uzukumatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 蹲れば | うずくまれば | uzukumareba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 蹲ら | うずくまら | uzukumara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 蹲り | うずくまり | uzukumari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 蹲る | うずくまる | uzukumaru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 蹲る | うずくまる | uzukumaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 蹲れ | うずくまれ | uzukumare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 蹲れ | うずくまれ | uzukumare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 蹲らず | うずくまらず | uzukumarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 蹲れど | うずくまれど | uzukumaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 蹲れば | うずくまれば | uzukumareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 蹲らば | うずくまらば | uzukumaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 蹲りき | うずくまりき | uzukumariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 蹲りけり | うずくまりけり | uzukumarikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 蹲りつ | うずくまりつ | uzukumaritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 蹲りぬ | うずくまりぬ | uzukumarinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 蹲れり 蹲りたり |
うずくまれり うずくまりたり |
uzukumareri uzukumaritari |
| Volitional | 蹲らむ | うずくまらむ | uzukumaramu |
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “蹲る”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN