辛うじて
Japanese edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 辛 |
| かろ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology edit
Shift from 辛くして (karaku shite, literally, “doing with difficulty”),[1][2][3][4][5] from 辛く (karaku, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “adverbial form”) of adjective 辛い (karai)) + して (shite, -te conjunctive form of verb する (suru)).
/karaku/ → /karau/ → /karoː/
辛く (karaku) shifted to かろう (karō) in a process called ウ音便 (u-onbin). Compare ありがとう (arigatō) from ありがたく (arigataku) and おはよう (ohayō) from おはやく (o-hayaku).
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) かろーじて [kàróójíté] (Heiban – [0])[2][6]
- (Tokyo) かろーじて [kàróꜜòjìtè] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][6][5]
- (Tokyo) かろーじて [kàróójíꜜtè] (Nakadaka – [4])[5]
- (Tokyo) かろーじて [kàróójítéꜜ] (Odaka – [5])[5]
- IPA(key): [ka̠ɾo̞ːʑite̞]
Adverb edit
辛うじて • (karōjite) ←からうじて (karauzite)?
References edit
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN