Wiktionary

量

量 U+91CF, 量
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CF
← 野
[U+91CE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 釐 →
[U+91D0]
量 U+F97E, 量
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97E
← 諒
[U+F97D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勵 →
[U+F97F]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Taiwan)
 

量 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日一田土 (AMWG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱旦里)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1292, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1794, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+91CF

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 量
2nd round simp. 𰅊
alternative forms 𣊹
𨤥
𨤦
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 量
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
糧 *raŋ
量 *raŋ, *raŋs

Inconclusive. In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, the most common form was 日 (“sun”) + 東 (“bag; east”). Here are a few proposed interpretations as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) :

  • 日 was sometimes replaced with 田, so Qiu Xigui thinks that it may be the original character of 糧 (OC *raŋ, “grain field”).
  • Yu Xingwu interprets it as measuring something under the sun.
  • Guo Moruo interprets it as the sun rising in the east – original character of 亮 (OC *raŋs).

Shuowen interprets this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ, *raŋs) : phonetic 曏 (OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) + 重 (“weight; heavy”).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)raŋ (“to count, to measure”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate to Tibetan བགྲང (bgrang, “to count”), Khaling ʾkhran-ne, Burmese ခြင် (hkrang, “to measure capacity”), Nusu xɹɯ³¹ (“to count”).

Pronunciation 2 is possibly a *-s suffixed exopassive derivation of Pronunciation 1; thus it means "what is measured → a measure" and is cognate to Tibetan གྲངས (grangs, “number”) (see also Unger (1983))

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
  • liông/liâng - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - literary;
  • nion5/niên5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 量
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 呂章切
Baxter ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/liaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		loeng4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 量
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liáng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]aŋ/
English measure (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 量
Reading # 1/2
No. 8064
Phonetic
component 		量
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*raŋ/
Notes 甲金文下從東，
上日甲文作囗，
象估量下種範圍，
非曏聲

Definitions edit

量

  1. to measure
  2. to estimate; to evaluate
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 量 (“to measure”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 量
Mandarin Beijing 量
Harbin 量
Yantai (Muping) 量
Jinan 量
Luoyang 量
Wanrong 量
Xi'an 量
Yinchuan 量
Xining 量
Ürümqi 量
Chengdu 量
Guiyang 量
Guilin 量
Liuzhou 量
Xuzhou 量
Yangzhou 量
Nanjing 量
Cantonese Hong Kong 度, 量
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 量
Wu Shanghai 量

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Note:
  • niū/niō͘ - vernacular;
  • liōng/liāng - literary.
Rime
Character 量
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力讓切
Baxter ljangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/liaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		loeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 量
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]aŋ-s/
English measure (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 量
Reading # 2/2
No. 8065
Phonetic
component 		量
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亮
Old
Chinese 		/*raŋs/

Definitions edit

量

  1. (historical) measuring vessel, such as the dou or hu
  2. measure; measurement; quantity
  3. capacity; volume
  4. (Buddhist logic) pramana
  5. (Southern Min) large steelyard
  6. to estimate; to approximate

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

量

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljang); compare Mandarin 量 (liáng):

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH); compare Mandarin 量 (liàng):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
量
りょう
Grade: 4
kan’on
 量 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH, “measure”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

量(りょう) • (ryō) ←りやう (ryau)?

  1. volume, amount
    交通(こうつう)量(りょう)
    kōtsū-ryō
    amount of traffic
    なかなかの量(りょう)
    nakanaka no ryō
    a considerable amount
  2. (Buddhist logic) pramana
    比(ひ)量(りょう)
    hi-ryō
    pramana of Reasoning

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
量
はか
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Cognate with 計り (hakari).[1]

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

量(はか) • (haka) 

  1. progress

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

量 (eumhun 헤아릴 량 (hearil ryang), South Korea 헤아릴 양 (hearil yang))

  1. Hanja form? of 량/양 (“volume; amount”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

量: Hán Nôm readings: lường, lượng, nhân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=量&oldid=78682020"