See also: and
U+9678, 陸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9678

[U+9677]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9679]
U+F9D3, 陸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D3

[U+F9D2]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9D4]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 170, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金土 (NLGCG), four-corner 74214, composition )

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1355, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41708
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9678

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Small seal script
               

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *m·ruɡ): semantic + phonetic (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology 1 edit

Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*[ʔ]rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit


Note: lio̍k - including surname.
Note:
  • lêg8 - vernacular;
  • log8 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /lu⁵¹/
    Harbin /lu⁵³/
    Tianjin /lu⁵³/
    Jinan /lu²¹/
    Qingdao /lu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /lu²⁴/
    Xi'an /lu²¹/
    Xining /lv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /lu¹³/
    Lanzhou /lu¹³/
    Ürümqi /lu²¹³/
    Wuhan /nəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /nu³¹/
    Guiyang /nu²¹/
    Kunming /lu³¹/
    Nanjing /luʔ⁵/
    Hefei /luəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /luəʔ²/
    Pingyao /luʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /luəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /loʔ¹/
    Suzhou /loʔ³/
    Hangzhou /loʔ²/
    Wenzhou /lɤu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /lo²²/
    Tunxi /ləu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ləu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /nəɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /luʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /liuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /liuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lok̚²/
    Nanning /luk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /luk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔk̚⁵/
    /lak̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /løyʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ly⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /lek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /lok̚⁵/ ~地
    /lok̚³/ ~續

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter ljuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /lɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /liuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /liuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /luwk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /liuk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /lĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /li̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    luk6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ljuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[r]uk/
    English land (as opposed to water)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8533
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*m·ruɡ/

    Definitions edit

    1. land; continent; mainland
        ―  dēng  ―  to land; to go ashore
        ―    ―  land route
    2. land route; surface transport
    3. Short for 中國大陸中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù, “mainland China”).
        ―  shēng  ―  student from mainland China studying in Taiwan
    4. Short for 陸軍陆军 (lùjūn, “army”).
    5. a surname: Lu
        ―  Yóu  ―  Lu You (Southern Song dynasty poet)
    Antonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Pronunciation edit


    Note:
    • la̍k - vernacular;
    • lio̍k - literary.
  • Wu
  • Definitions edit

    1. (financial) Alternative form of (six)

    See also edit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫小写)
    , , , , ,
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
    百萬百万,
    (Philippines),
    面桶 (Philippines)
    亿 (Taiwan)
    萬億万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫大写)

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. land
    2. (financial, archaic) six

    Readings edit

    Synonyms edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ろく
    Grade: 4
    goon
    Alternative spelling

    Originally referred to "flat" in reference to flat land, in turn the core meaning of the kanji character.[1][2]

    The alternative spelling is an example of ateji.[1][2][3][4]

    First attested in the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary) of 1595.[1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Adjective edit

    (ろく) (roku-na (adnominal (ろく) (roku na), adverbial (ろく) (roku ni))

    1. [from 1595] flat, not steep
      • 1603, 日葡辞書 [Nippo Jisho, Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary]‎[5], page 212:
        Rocuna michi.
        Flat road.
    2. [from roughly 1600] straightforward, uncomplicated, straight, correct
    3. [from roughly 1600] (mostly used in negative expressions) correct, right, complete, sufficient, satisfactory, proper
      ろくでもない人物(じんぶつ)ろく(やす)みも()れない
      roku de mo nai jinbutsu, roku ni yasumi mo torenai
      a person who isn't right, a good-for-nothing / can't even fully take a break
    4. [from late 1600s] peaceful, tranquil, serene (said of one's surroundings)
    5. [from 1700] even-tempered, easygoing, relaxed
    Inflection edit

    Noun edit

    (ろく) (roku

    1. [from 1595] flatness
    2. [from roughly 1600] straightforwardness, uncomplicatedness, straightness, correctness
    3. [from roughly 1600] (mostly used in negative expressions) correctness, rightness, completeness, sufficientness, satisfactoriness, properness
    4. [from late 1600s] peacefulness, tranquility, serenity (said of one's surroundings)
    5. [from 1700] an even temper, easygoingness, relaxedness

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ろく
    Grade: 4
    goon
    Alternative spelling
    (non-legal)

    Substitute spelling for (roku, six),[6][7][2] likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese (six).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ろく) (roku

    1. (financial, archaic) the number six, 6 (used only in legal documents, otherwise )
    Usage notes edit

    Legal uses arose due to the relative ease with which certain number kanji can be fraudulently altered to look like other number kanji. For instance, (ichi, one) could be modified to look like (roku, six), but it cannot be modified to look like (roku, six, in legal contexts).

    See also edit
    • 大字 (daiji, big character, more-complicated kanji used as phonetic replacements for simpler numeric kanji, in order to prevent fraudulent modification)

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    りく
    Grade: 4
    kan’on

    Ultimately from Middle Chinese (MC ljuwk). First attested in Japanese as a standalone noun in a text from the mid-1400s.[8]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (りく) (riku

    1. [from mid-1400s] land (as opposed to sea or other bodies of water)
      Synonyms: 陸地 (rikuchi), おか (oka), くにが (kuniga), くぬが (kunuga), くが (kuga)

    Etymology 4 edit

    Kanji in this term
    おか
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    おか
    [noun] [from 1310] land, ground (as opposed to the sea or other bodies of water)
    [noun] [from 1708] the bathing area next to an お風呂 (ofuro, traditional Japanese soaking tub), often raised relative to the tub basin
    [noun] [from 1873] the raised portion of a (suzuri, inkstone) where one grinds the stick of India ink (as opposed to the (ike, literally pond) or (umi, literally sea), the small depressed basin area where one pours in the water)
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 5 edit

    Kanji in this term
    くが
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    くが
    [noun] : [from 720] the land, the land portion of an area, as opposed to seas, rivers, lakes, swamps, etc.
    [noun] : [mid-1700s–???] (archaic, possibly obsolete) an overland route, as opposed to an oversea route
    [proper noun] : a surname
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 6 edit

    Kanji in this term
    くぬが
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry: くぬが

    (The following entry is uncreated: くぬが.)

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 陸・碌”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
    4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    6. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named K
    7. ^ 六・陸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    8. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[4] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC ljuwk).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[6] 두듥〮 (Yale: twùtúlk) 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (mut ryuk), South Korea (mut yuk))

    1. Hanja form? of / ((dry) land). [affix]

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 여섯 (yeoseot ryuk), South Korea 여섯 (yeoseot yuk))

    1. (financial) Alternative form of (Hanja form? of / (six).)

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [7]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: lục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.