U+96C4, 雄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C4

[U+96C3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+96C5]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 172, +4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大戈人土 (KIOG), four-corner 40014, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1365, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41972
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1869, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4093, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+96C4

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡʷɯŋ): phonetic (OC *kʷɯːŋ) + semantic .

Etymology edit

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (penis, male) (STEDT), cognate with Karbi chò-kàng (penis), Garo ri-gong (penis), Lepcha [script needed] (sun̊-gan̊, penis), Pattani gàŋ (male).

However, Zev Handel doubts the Old Chinese word's cognate status, as "OC labialized initial plus schwa vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded vowel in PTB".

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • hiông - literary;
  • hêng/hîn - vernacular.
Note:
  • hiong5 - literary;
  • hêng5 - vernacular.
  • Wu

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕyŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ɕyŋ²⁴/
    /ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ɕyŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ɕyuŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ɕyŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ɕyə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕyŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ɕỹn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕyoŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕioŋ²¹/
    Kunming /ɕiŋ³¹/
    Nanjing /ɕioŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕyŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ɕin⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɕin¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /hiuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /hioŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
    Nanning /huŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiɔŋ³⁵/
    /hiŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hyŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xœyŋ²¹/
    /xœyŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /hioŋ⁵⁵/
    /heŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /hiɔŋ³¹/
    /hiaŋ³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (35)
    Final () (2)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hjuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦɨuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦiuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣiuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦuwŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣiuŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣĭuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /i̯uŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jung4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xióng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hjuwng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
    English male

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4140
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡʷɯŋ/

    Definitions edit

    1. (usually of animals) male
        ―  xióng  ―  male tiger
        ―  xióngruǐ  ―  stamen
    2. masculine; powerful; grand
        ―  xióngbīng  ―  powerful army
        ―  xióngzhuàng  ―  majestic; magnificent
    3. powerful or influential person or state
        ―  yīngxióng  ―  hero
      戰國战国  ―  Zhànguó qī xióng  ―  Seven Warring States
    4. (Hokkien) ruthless; cruel; mean
    5. (Hokkien) intense; rapid
      alt. forms: (xiōng)

    Usage notes edit

    • Commonly used for animals to mean “male” in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use instead), and not used for humans (use instead). For example:
        ―  xióng  ―  cock
        ―  xióngniú  ―  bull

    Antonyms edit

    • (, “female”)

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (ゆう) ()

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ゆう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (hjuwng, male).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ゆう) (

    1. male
    2. something or someone excellent (male)
      (いっ)(せい)(ゆう)
      issei no
      one of the greatest men of his generation
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings


    /wo//o/

    From Old Japanese. Persists in compounds, such as the first element o- in the modern Japanese term (おっと) (wohito > otto, husband).[2][1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (o (wo)?

    1. (obsolete in isolation) man, male
      • 711–712, Kojiki, (上巻 [Kamitsumaki]):
        ()こそは()にいませば
        na koso wa o ni imaseba
        As you yourself be male / a man...
    2. (obsolete) husband
      • 711–712, Kojiki, (上巻 [Kamitsumaki]):
        ()はもよ()にしあれば()()()()()()(つま)()
        wa wa moyo me ni shiareba na o kite o wa nashi na o kite tsuma wa nashi
        As I am a woman, without you, there are no husbands. Without you, there are no wives...
    3. something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
      ()(たけ)び/()(だき)(ますら)()
      otakebi/odaki/masurao
      a war cry / the larger of two waterfalls / manliness
    4. yang (as opposed to yin)
      ()()()()
      meo, meo
      yin-yang (two different kanji spellings, same reading and derivation)
    Usage notes edit
    • Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.
    Antonyms edit
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    おす
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    /wosu//osu/

    Compound of (o, male) +‎ (su), but the derivation of the su element is unknown.

    See also the etymology of (mesu).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (おす) or (オス) (osuをす (wosu)?

    1. a male (plant or animal)
    Usage notes edit
    • This is the most common reading of this term in modern Japanese when used as a standalone noun.
    • Only used to refer to non-human male organisms.
    • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オス.
    Synonyms edit
    Antonyms edit

    Etymology 4 edit

    Kanji in this term
    おん
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /won//on/

    Compound of (o, male) +‎ (n). The latter -n element might be a contraction of the possessive particle (no).

    Alternative forms edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (おん) (onをん (won)?

    1. male
    Usage notes edit
    • Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.
    Derived terms edit

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 수컷 (sukeot ung))

    1. Hanja form? of ((usually of animals) male).

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: Hùng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.