風気
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
風 | 気 |
かぜ Grade: 2 |
け Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi | goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
風氣 (kyūjitai) |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
風 | 気 |
かざ Grade: 2 |
け Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi | goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
風氣 (kyūjitai) |
Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind; a cold”, ancient compounding form of modern kaze) + 気 (ke, “feeling”).[1][2]
The kazake reading is first cited to 1152.[1]
The kazeke reading is first cited to the early 1200s.[1]
In modern usage, kazake and kazeke are found in free variation. Some Japanese resources list the relatively older kazake reading as the primary,[1][2] some list the kazeke reading as the primary,[3][4] and some list both without apparent prioritization.[5]
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
風気 or 風気 • (kazake or kazeke) -na (adnominal 風気な (kazake na), adverbial 風気に (kazake ni))
- poorly, sickly, on the verge of catching a cold
- soon to be windy, seeming as if the wind is about to blow
Inflection edit
Inflection of 風気
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 風気だろ | かざけだろ | kazake daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 風気で | かざけで | kazake de |
Terminal (終止形) | 風気だ | かざけだ | kazake da |
Attributive (連体形) | 風気な | かざけな | kazake na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 風気なら | かざけなら | kazake nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 風気であれ | かざけであれ | kazake de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 風気ではない 風気じゃない |
かざけではない かざけじゃない |
kazake de wa nai kazake ja nai |
Informal past | 風気だった | かざけだった | kazake datta |
Informal negative past | 風気ではなかった 風気じゃなかった |
かざけではなかった かざけじゃなかった |
kazake de wa nakatta kazake ja nakatta |
Formal | 風気です | かざけです | kazake desu |
Formal negative | 風気ではありません 風気じゃありません |
かざけではありません かざけじゃありません |
kazake de wa arimasen kazake ja arimasen |
Formal past | 風気でした | かざけでした | kazake deshita |
Formal negative past | 風気ではありませんでした 風気じゃありませんでした |
かざけではありませんでした かざけじゃありませんでした |
kazake de wa arimasen deshita kazake ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 風気で | かざけで | kazake de |
Conditional | 風気なら(ば) | かざけなら(ば) | kazake nara (ba) |
Provisional | 風気だったら | かざけだったら | kazake dattara |
Volitional | 風気だろう | かざけだろう | kazake darō |
Adverbial | 風気に | かざけに | kazake ni |
Degree | 風気さ | かざけさ | kazakesa |
Noun edit
- a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
- the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
風 | 気 |
ふう Grade: 2 |
き Grade: 1 |
goon | kan’on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
風氣 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 風氣 (MC pjuwng khj+jH).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- the wind, air currents
- the climate or weather of an area
- common manners and customs
- Synonym: 風俗 (fūzoku)
- a cold, an illness
- Synonym: 風邪 (kaze)
- an easygoing or even-tempered disposition
- flatus, gas; gaseous bloating
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN