食物
Chinese edit
eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed |
thing; object; matter | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (食物) | 食 | 物 | |
simp. #(食物) | 食 | 物 | |
anagram | 物食 |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
食物
Usage notes edit
There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚/菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).
Synonyms edit
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 食物 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 食物 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 吃食, 吃兒 |
Taiwan | 食物 | |
Harbin | 食物 | |
Jinan | 食物, 食品 | |
Wanrong | 吃的 | |
Xi'an | 吃的 | |
Yinchuan | 吃的, 吃頭 | |
Xining | 吃食 | |
Wuhan | 吃食 | |
Chengdu | 吃的, 吃貨 | |
Guiyang | 吃的 | |
Guilin | 吃的 | |
Liuzhou | 吃的東西, 食物 | |
Xuzhou | 吃食 | |
Singapore | 食物 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嘢食, 食物 |
Gan | Pingxiang | 吃食 |
Hakka | Meixian | 食物 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 食物 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 食物 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 食物 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 食物 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 食物 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 食物 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 食品 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 食物 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 食其乇 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 食物, 物食, 食食 |
Quanzhou | 食物, 食食 | |
Zhangzhou | 食物, 物食, 食食 | |
Tainan | 食物, 物食 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 食食, 物食 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 食物, 食食 | |
Leizhou | 物食 | |
Haikou | 物食 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 食物 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 食物 |
Wu | Shanghai | 吃個物事 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 吃食物事 | |
Xiang | Loudi | 吃個 |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
もつ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
食物 • (shokumotsu)
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- 食物繊維 (shokumotsu sen'i): dietary fiber
- 食物連鎖 (shokumotsu rensa): a food chain
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
じき Grade: 2 |
もつ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
The shokumotsu reading is more common.
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
ぶつ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Chinese 食物 (shíwù). Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
食物 • (shokubutsu)
Usage notes edit
The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
た(べ) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbémóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbéꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [ta̠be̞mo̞no̞]
Noun edit
Etymology 5 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
く(い) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][3][2]
- (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímónóꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[2]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝimo̞no̞]
Noun edit
食物 • (kuimono) ←くひもの (kufimono)?
- 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain
- See 食い物 for more detail.
Verb edit
食物する • (kuimono suru) ←くひもの (kufimono)?suru (stem 食物し (kuimono shi), past 食物した (kuimono shita))
Etymology 6 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
く(らい) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
食物 • (kuraimono) ←くらひもの (kurafimono)?
Etymology 7 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
は(み) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Synonyms edit
Etymology 8 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
お(し) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4]
For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
食物 • (oshimono) ←をしもの (wosimono)?
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN