飯櫃

Japanese

飯櫃 (meshibitsu, ībitsu, ibitsu): a rice tub: a traditional wooden tub for holding cooked rice.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
飯	櫃
めし Grade: 4	ひつ > びつ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Compound of 飯 (meshi, “cooked rice”) +‎ 櫃 (hitsu, “box, tub, container”). The hitsu changes to bitsu as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First attested in the late 1600s.

This reading is more common than いいびつ (ībitsu).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) めしびつ [mèshíbítsú] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) めし​びつ [mèshíꜜbìtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [me̞ɕibʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

飯(めし)櫃(びつ) • (meshibitsu) ^{←めしびつ (mesibitu)?}

1. a rice tub: a traditional wooden and hooped tub for holding cooked grain (usually rice)

   Synonyms: 飯櫃 (ībitsu), 飯櫃 (ibitsu), お櫃 (ohitsu, literally “honorable tub”), お鉢 (ohachi, literally “honorable pot”), 飯鉢 (meshibachi, literally “cooked-grain pot”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
飯	櫃
いい Grade: 4	ひつ > びつ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Compound of 飯 (ī, “cooked grain”) +‎ 櫃 (hitsu, “box, tub, container”). The hitsu changes to bitsu as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First attested in the late 1100s.

This reading is less common than めしびつ (meshibitsu).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) い​いびつ [íꜜìbìtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [iːbʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

飯(いい)櫃(びつ) • (ībitsu) ^{←いひびつ (ifibitu)?}

1. [from late 1100s] (uncommon) a rice tub: a traditional wooden and hooped tub for holding cooked grain (usually rice)

   Synonyms: 飯櫃 (meshibitsu), 飯櫃 (ibitsu), お櫃 (ohitsu, literally “honorable tub”), お鉢 (ohachi, literally “honorable pot”), 飯鉢 (meshibachi, literally “cooked-grain pot”)

Derived terms

• 歪(いびつ), 飯櫃(いびつ) (ibitsu): a rice tub; an oval; a coin; warped, abnormal

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
飯	櫃
いい > い Grade: 4	ひつ > びつ Hyōgaiji
irregular	kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
歪

/iːbit͡su/ → /ibit͡su/

Shift from ībitsu.

First attested in 1561.

The core noun sense of "rice tub" is inherited from the original form of the term. These were often oval in shape, giving rise to those related senses, and an oval was also viewed as a deformed circle, in turn leading to those additional senses.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いびつ [ìbítsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ibʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Adjective

飯(い)櫃(びつ) • (ibitsu) ^{←いびつ (ibitu)?}-na (adnominal 飯(い)櫃(びつ)な (ibitsu na), adverbial 飯(い)櫃(びつ)に (ibitsu ni))

1. 歪: [from 1698] oblong, oval, oval-shaped
2. 歪: [from 1809] abnormal or warped of action, state, or character
3. 歪: [from 1893] physically deformed, warped, abnormal

Inflection

Inflection of 飯櫃

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	飯櫃だろ	いびつだろ	ibitsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	飯櫃で	いびつで	ibitsu de
Terminal (終止形)	飯櫃だ	いびつだ	ibitsu da
Attributive (連体形)	飯櫃な	いびつな	ibitsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	飯櫃なら	いびつなら	ibitsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	飯櫃であれ	いびつであれ	ibitsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	飯櫃ではない 飯櫃じゃない	いびつではない いびつじゃない	ibitsu de wa nai ibitsu ja nai
Informal past	飯櫃だった	いびつだった	ibitsu datta
Informal negative past	飯櫃ではなかった 飯櫃じゃなかった	いびつではなかった いびつじゃなかった	ibitsu de wa nakatta ibitsu ja nakatta
Formal	飯櫃です	いびつです	ibitsu desu
Formal negative	飯櫃ではありません 飯櫃じゃありません	いびつではありません いびつじゃありません	ibitsu de wa arimasen ibitsu ja arimasen
Formal past	飯櫃でした	いびつでした	ibitsu deshita
Formal negative past	飯櫃ではありませんでした 飯櫃じゃありませんでした	いびつではありませんでした いびつじゃありませんでした	ibitsu de wa arimasen deshita ibitsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	飯櫃で	いびつで	ibitsu de
Conditional	飯櫃なら（ば）	いびつなら（ば）	ibitsu nara (ba)
Provisional	飯櫃だったら	いびつだったら	ibitsu dattara
Volitional	飯櫃だろう	いびつだろう	ibitsu darō
Adverbial	飯櫃に	いびつに	ibitsu ni
Degree	飯櫃さ	いびつさ	ibitsusa

Noun

飯(い)櫃(びつ) • (ibitsu) ^{←いびつ (ibitu)?}

1. [from 1561] (rare) a rice tub: a traditional wooden and hooped tub for holding cooked grain (usually rice)

   Synonyms: 飯櫃 (meshibitsu), 飯櫃 (ībitsu)

2. [from 1698] an oblong, an oval, an oval shape

   Synonyms: 長円形 (chōenkei), 楕円形 (daenkei), 小判形 (koban-gata), 飯櫃形 (ibitsu-nari), 飯櫃型 (ibitsu-gata)

3. [from 1739] (archaic) a 小判 (koban, “oval gold coin”) or similarly shaped coin

   Synonyms: 小判 (koban), 飯櫃形 (ibitsu-nari), 飯櫃型 (ibitsu-gata)

4. 歪: [from 1893] a deformity, a warpage, an abnormality; something deformed, warped, or abnormal

See also

• 歪(ゆが)む (yugamu, “to deform, to warp”)
• 崩(くず)れる (kuzureru, “to break down, to fall into disorder, to give way, to lose shape”)