See also: and
U+9E79, 鹹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E79

[U+9E78]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9E7A]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 197, +9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 23650, composition )

Related characters edit

  • – simplified to an existing character.

See also edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1507, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4610, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+9E79

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic (salt) + phonetic (OC *ɡrɯːm).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (salty) or *g-rjum (salt); compare Chepang ल्‍हाम्‌सा (hlam‑, salty (not excessively)), Jingpho jum (salt) (STEDT).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • gèng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
Note:
  • kiâm - vernacular;
  • hâm - literary.
Note:
  • 3hhe - vernacular;
  • 3hhi - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiã²⁴/ ~陽
/xã²⁴/ ~菜
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
/xɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
/xan⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /xan³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ~阳
/xɑŋ¹³/ ~菜
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
/xɛ⁴⁴/ ~鹽
Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/ ~魚
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /ham¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ham²¹/
Nanning /ham²¹/
Hong Kong /ham²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ham³⁵/
/kiam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /ham⁵⁵/
/kiam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ham³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (151)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter heam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæm/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɐm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨm/
Li
Rong
/ɣɐm/
Wang
Li
/ɣɐm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haam4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛm ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/
English salty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13516
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡrɯːm/
Notes

Definitions edit

  1. salty; briny
      ―  xiáncài  ―  salted vegetables
      ―  Tāng tài xián le.  ―  The soup is too salty.
  2. (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
  3. (Southern Min) rice topping; viand
  4. (Cantonese, Teochew, attributive) Short for 鹹濕咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”).
    [Cantonese]  ―  haam4 pin3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  pornographic video
  5. (Yangjiang Yue) salt

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

  • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡemᴬ
  • Zhuang: hamz

See also edit

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
           
(tián) (suān) (xián) () 鮮味鲜味 (xiānwèi)

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. salty

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(eumhun (jjal ham))

  1. Hanja form? of (salty).

(eumhun (da ham))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: hàm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.