鼓舞

Chinese

		convex; drum; to rouse convex; drum; to rouse; to beat	to dance; to wield; to brandish
trad. (鼓舞)		鼓	舞
simp. #(鼓舞)		鼓	舞
2nd round simp.		壴午

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔwǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² mou⁵

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kú-vú
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-bú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gou² bhu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔwǔ [Phonetic: gúwǔ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔwǔ
    • Wade–Giles: ku³-wu³
    • Yale: gǔ-wǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuwuu
    • Palladius: гуу (guu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gu² mou⁵
    • Yale: gú móuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu² mou⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu² mou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ mou̯¹³/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 鈷鉧／钴𬭁 鼓舞

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-vú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu` vu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu³ vu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ vu³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-bú
    • Tâi-lô: kóo-bú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofbuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bu⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gou² bhu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu bú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou⁵²⁻³⁵ bu⁵²⁻²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kuX mjuX

Rime
Character	鼓	舞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	公戸切	文甫切
Baxter	kuX	mjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuoX/	/mɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/kuoX/	/mioX/
Shao Rongfen	/koX/	/mioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔX/	/muə̆X/
Li Rong	/koX/	/mioX/
Wang Li	/kuX/	/mĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuoX/	/mi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǔ	wǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu2	mou5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaʔ  k.m(r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːʔ  maʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鼓	舞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ	wǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuX ›	‹ mjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaʔ/	/*k.m(r)aʔ/
English	drum (n. & v.)	dance (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鼓	舞
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4337	13126
Phonetic component	鼓	無
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	古	武
Old Chinese	/*kʷaːʔ/	/*maʔ/
Notes	亦同皷

Verb

鼓舞

1. to inspire; to invigorate; to cheer; to stimulate
2. (Classical, literally) to play the drums and dance

Synonyms

• 勉勵／勉励 (miǎnlì)
• 勸／劝 (quàn)
• 勗勉／勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
• 激勵／激励 (jīlì)
• 砥礪／砥砺 (dǐlì)
• 鼓動／鼓动 (gǔdòng)
• 鼓勵／鼓励 (gǔlì)

 

Adjective

鼓舞

1. inspiring; invigorating; stimulating

Synonyms

• 振奮／振奋 (zhènfèn)

Derived terms

• 歡欣鼓舞／欢欣鼓舞 (huānxīngǔwǔ)
• 鼓舞人心 (gǔwǔrénxīn)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鼓舞):

• → Japanese: 鼓舞(こぶ) (kobu)
• → Korean: 고무(鼓舞) (gomu)
• → Vietnamese: cổ vũ (鼓舞)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鼓	舞
こ Grade: S	ぶ Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ぶ [kóꜜbù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞bɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

鼓(こ)舞(ぶ) • (kobu) 

1. encouragement

Verb

鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)する • (kobu suru) suru (stem 鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)し (kobu shi), past 鼓(こ)舞(ぶ)した (kobu shita))

1. encourage

Conjugation

Conjugation of "鼓舞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	鼓舞し	こぶし	kobu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	鼓舞し	こぶし	kobu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	鼓舞する	こぶする	kobu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	鼓舞する	こぶする	kobu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	鼓舞すれ	こぶすれ	kobu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	鼓舞せよ¹ 鼓舞しろ²	こぶせよ¹ こぶしろ²	kobu seyo¹ kobu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	鼓舞される	こぶされる	kobu sareru
Causative	鼓舞させる 鼓舞さす	こぶさせる こぶさす	kobu saseru kobu sasu
Potential	鼓舞できる	こぶできる	kobu dekiru
Volitional	鼓舞しよう	こぶしよう	kobu shiyō
Negative	鼓舞しない	こぶしない	kobu shinai
Negative continuative	鼓舞せず	こぶせず	kobu sezu
Formal	鼓舞します	こぶします	kobu shimasu
Perfective	鼓舞した	こぶした	kobu shita
Conjunctive	鼓舞して	こぶして	kobu shite
Hypothetical conditional	鼓舞すれば	こぶすれば	kobu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
鼓	舞

Noun

鼓舞 • (gomu) (hangeul 고무)

1. Hanja form^? of 고무 (“inspiration; encouragement; cheering; uplifting of the spirit”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
鼓	舞

Verb

鼓舞

1. chữ Hán form of cổ vũ (“to cheer”).