Egyptian
edit
Pronunciation
edit
2-lit.
( intransitive or reflexive ) to rush , make haste , to hurry , ( of water ) to flow quickly [since Middle Kingdom literature]
( transitive ) to overtake (someone) [Middle Kingdom]
( transitive ) to hurry (someone) [New Kingdom]
Inflection
edit
Conjugation of ꜣs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣs , geminated stem: ꜣss
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣs
ꜣsw , ꜣs
ꜣst
ꜣs , j.ꜣs
ꜣs , j.ꜣs
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜣs
ḥr ꜣs
m ꜣs
r ꜣs
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜣs.n
ꜣsw , ꜣs
consecutive
ꜣs.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜣst
perfective 3
ꜣs
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ꜣs.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜣs , j.ꜣs 1
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜣs
ꜣss
potentialis1
ꜣs.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜣs , j.ꜣs 1
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜣs.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ꜣs
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜣs
ꜣss , ꜣssj 6 , ꜣs 2 , ꜣsw 2 5 , ꜣsy 2 5
imperfective
j.ꜣs 1 , ꜣs , ꜣsy , ꜣsw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
j.ꜣs 1 , j.ꜣsw 1 5 , ꜣs , ꜣsj 6 , ꜣsy 6
ꜣs , ꜣsw 5
prospective
ꜣs , ꜣstj 7
—
ꜣstj 4 , ꜣst 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
edit
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣs
Derived terms
edit
Descendants
edit
Demotic: ys
Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲥ ( iōs ) , stative ⲓⲏⲥ ( iēs )
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲥ ( iōs ) , stative ⲉⲓⲉⲥ ( eies )
( Late Egyptian , often reduplicated) quickly , hurriedly
Alternative forms
edit
See under the verb above.
m
Alternative form of ꜣjs ( “ viscera ” )
Inflection
edit
Declension of ꜣs (masculine)
Alternative forms
edit
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣs
Alternative form of jꜣs ( “ to be(come) bald ” )
Alternative forms
edit
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣs
References
edit
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 20.1–20.8
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 5
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , pages 181, 230 .
Černý, Jaroslav (1976 ) Coptic Etymological Dictionary , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 48