ꜥpr

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːpɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: aper

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to equip
2. (transitive, in the stative) to master (a skill or craft)
3. (intransitive) to be(come) equipped (+ m: to be equipped with)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥpr, geminated stem: ꜥprr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥpr	ꜥprw, ꜥpr	ꜥprt	ꜥpr	ꜥpr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥpr	ḥr ꜥpr	m ꜥpr	r ꜥpr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥpr.n	ꜥprw, ꜥpr	consecutive	ꜥpr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥprt
perfective3	ꜥpr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜥpr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥpr	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥpr	ꜥprr	potentialis1	ꜥpr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥpr	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥpr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥpr	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥpr	ꜥpr, ꜥprw5, ꜥpry5
imperfective	ꜥpr, ꜥpry, ꜥprw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥpr, ꜥprj6, ꜥpry6	ꜥpr, ꜥprw5
prospective	ꜥpr, ꜥprtj7	—	ꜥprtj4, ꜥprt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥpr  

ꜥpr	ꜥpr	ꜥpr	ꜥpr

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 274, 317.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 146
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 180.8-23
• "ꜥpr" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (37090)