비타

Middle Korean

Alternative forms

• 빟다 (pihta, phonemically faithful orthography rarely actually used but normal in modern scholarship)

Etymology

Perhaps derived from 비〮 (pí, “rain”) by adding the verb stem ᄒᆞ (ho-, “to do”) > ㅎ (-h); compare 나타〮 (nàthá, “to give birth”), derived in this same manner from 나다〮 (nàtá, “to come out”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pìh.tá/, [pì.tʰá]

Verb

비타〮 (pìthá) (infinitive 비허〮, sequential 비흐니〮) (transitive)

1. to sprinkle, to scatter
   • 1447, 釋譜詳節 / 석보상절 [Seokbo sangjeol], page 13:26:

     이〮제 世(셰)尊(존)이〮 큰〮 法(법)을〮 니르시며〮 큰〮 法(법)雨(우)를〮 비흐시〮며〮

     ícèy SYEY.CWON-í khún PEP-úl nìlùsìmyé khún PEP.WU-lúl pìhùsímyé

     Now the World-Honored [Buddha] utters the Great Dharma and scatters the Great Dharma Rain

   • 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], page 11:9:

     香(햐ᇰ) 퓌우며〮 곳 비허〮 太(태)子(ᄌᆞ)ᄅᆞᆯ〮 供(고ᇰ)養(야ᇰ)ᄒᆞ〮ᅀᆞᆸ고〮

     HYANG pwùywùmyé kwòs pìhé THAY.CO-lól KWONG.YANG-hózòpkwó

     Spreading perfume and scattering flowers, one makes offerings to the Prince

   • 1463, 妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해 [Myobeopyeonhwagyeong eonhae], page 6:182:

     靑(쳐ᇰ)蓮(련)華(화)애〮 抹(말)香(햐ᇰ)ᄋᆞᆯ〮 ᄀᆞᄃᆞ기 다마〮 그 우희〮 供(고ᇰ)養(야ᇰ)ᄒᆞ〮야〮 비코〮

     CHYENG.LYEN.HWA-áy MAL.HYANG-ól kòtòkì tàmá kù wùh-úy KWONG.YANG-hóyá pìkhwó

     One fills the top of the green lotus [seeds] with powder incense, and scatters them as an offering

Conjugation

Selected conjugations of 비타〮 (pìthá), Accentual class L!
Note that the majority of the forms below are unattested for any one verb. Orthography and pitch accent assignment can vary between sources.
Selected plain sentence-final forms
	Declarative	Interrogative			Modulated declarative
		Polar question	Wh-word question	Second-person subject
Past	비타〮 (pìthá) 비흐니〮라〮 (pìhùnílá)	비흔가〮 (pìhùnká) 비흐녀〮 (pìhùnyé)	비흔고〮 (pìhùnkwó) 비흐뇨〮 (pìhùnyó)	비흔다〮 (pìhùntá)	비후〮라〮 (pìhwúlá)
Present	빈ᄂᆞ다〮 (pìnnòtá) 빈ᄂᆞ니〮라〮 (pìnnònílá)	빈ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (pìnnònká) 빈ᄂᆞ녀〮 (pìnnònyé)	빈ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (pìnnònkwó) 빈ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (pìnnònyó)	빈ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (pìnnòntá)	빈노〮라〮 (pìnnwólá)
Conjectural	비흐리〮라〮 (pìhùlílá)	비흐ᇙ가〮 (pìhùlqká) 비흐려〮 (pìhùlyé)	비흐ᇙ고〮 (pìhùlqkwó) 비흐료〮 (pìhùlyó)	비흐ᇙ다〮 (pìhùlqtá)	비후〮리라〮 (pìhwúlìlá)
Retrospective/ imperfective	비터〮라〮 (pìthélá) 비터〮니라〮 (pìthénìlá)	비턴〮가〮 (pìthénká) 비터〮녀〮 (pìthényé)	비턴〮고〮 (pìthénkwó) 비터〮뇨〮 (pìthényó)	비턴〮다〮 (pìthéntá)	비타〮라〮 (pìthálá)
거 (-ke-) form	비허〮다〮 (pìhétá) 비허〮니라〮 (pìhénìlá)	비허〮녀〮 (pìhényé)	비허〮뇨〮 (pìhényó)	비헌〮다〮 (pìhéntá)	비콰〮라〮 (pìkhwálá)
Promissive/Hortative		Imperative		Exclamatory/Emotive
비후〮마〮 (pìhwúmá, promissive) 비쳐〮 (pìchyé, hortative)		비흐라〮 (pìhùlá, order) 비코〮라〮 (pìkhwólá, request)		비흔뎌〮 (pìhùntyé), 비흘쎠〮 (pìhùlssyé) 비토〮다〮 (pìthwótá), 비톳〮다〮 (pìthwóstá) 비헤〮라〮 (pìhéylá)
Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms
Past	비흐ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùngìtá) 비흐니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùníngìtá)	비흐니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (pìhùníngìská)	비흐니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (pìhùníngìskwó)	no separate forms	비후〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhwúngìtá)
Present	빈ᄂᆞᅌᅵ다〮 (pìnnòngìtá) 빈ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìnnòníngìtá)	빈ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (pìnnòníngìská)	빈ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (pìnnòníngìskwó)		빈노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìnnwóngìtá)
Conjectural	비흐리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùlíngìtá)	비흐리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (pìhùlíngìská)	비흐리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (pìhùlíngìskwó)		비후〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhwúlíngìtá)
Promissive/Hortative		Imperative		Exclamatory/Emotive
비후〮마〮 (pìhwúmá, promissive) 비싸〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìssángìtá, hortative)		비흐쇼〮셔〮 (pìhùsyósyé, order) 비코〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìkhngìtá, request)		비토〮다〮 (pìthwótá), 비톳〮다〮 (pìthwóstá) 비헤〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhéyngìtá)
Selected honorific declarative forms
	Past	Present	Conjectural	Retrospective/ imperfective	거 (-ke-) form
Plain subject-honoring	비흐시〮다〮 (pìhùsítá) 비흐시〮니라〮 (pìhùsínìlá)	비흐시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (pìhùsínòtá) 비흐시〮ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (pìhùsínónìlá)	비흐시〮리라〮 (pìhùsílìlá)	비터〮시다〮 (pìthésìtá) 비터〮시〮니라〮 (pìthésínìlá)	비허〮시다〮 (pìhésìtá) 비허〮시〮니라〮 (pìhésínìlá)
Deferential subject-honoring	비흐시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùsíngìtá) 비흐시〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùsíníngìtá)	비흐시〮ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùsínóngìtá) 비흐시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùsínòníngìtá)	비흐시〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhùsílíngìtá)	비터〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìthésíngìtá) 비터〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìthésìníngìtá)	비허〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhésíngìtá) 비허〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (pìhésìníngìtá)
Plain object-honoring	비ᄊᆞᆸ〯다〮 (pìssǒptá) 비ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (pìssòWónìlá)	비ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (pìssǒpnòtá) 비ᄊᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (pìssǒpnónìlá)	비ᄊᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (pìssòWólìlá)	비ᄊᆞᆸ〯더라〮 (pìssǒptèlá) 비ᄊᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 (pìssǒpténìlá)	비ᄊᆞᄫᅡ〮다〮 (pìssòWátá) 비ᄊᆞᄫᅡ〮니라〮 (pìssòWánìlá)
Selected connective forms
Connective	Causative	Conditional/situating	Contrastive/concessive	Purposive/desiderative	Infinitive
비코〮 (pìkhwó) 비흐며〮 (pìhùmyé) 비타가〮 (pìthàká)	비흐니〮 (pìhùní) 비허〮ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (pìhénól) 비흘ᄊᆡ〮 (pìhùlssóy, only in declarative) 비콴〮ᄃᆡ〮 (pìkhántóy, only in interrogative)	비흐면〮 (pìhùmyén) 비허〮든〮 (pìhétún) 비흔대〮 (pìhùntáy) 비헌〮댄〮 (pìhéntáyn)	비흐나〮 (pìhùná) 비후〮ᄃᆡ〮 (pìhwútóy) 비흔ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (pìhùntól) 비헌〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (pìhénmàlón)	비후〮려〮 (pìhwúlyé) 비코〮져〮 (pìkhwócyé, desires one's own action) 비콰〮뎌〮 (pìkhwátyé, desires other's action)	비허〮 (pìhé)
Adnominal/gerundive forms
	Past	Present		Conjectural
Unmodulated non-honorific	비흔 (pìhùn)	빈ᄂᆞᆫ (pìnnòn)		비흐ᇙ (pìhùlq)
Modulated non-honorific	비훈〮 (pìhwún)	빈논〮 (pìnnwón)		비후ᇙ〮 (pìhwúlq)
Unmodulated subject-honoring	비흐신〮 (pìhùsín)	비흐시〮ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (pìhùsínón)		비흐시ᇙ〮 (pìhùsílq)
Substantive forms
Plain			Subject-honoring
비훔〮 (pìhwúm)			비흐샴〮 (pìhùsyám)