쌀
| ||||||||||
| 싸싹싺싻싼싽싾 싿쌀쌁쌂쌃쌄쌅 쌆쌇쌈쌉쌊쌋쌌 쌍쌎쌏쌐쌑쌒쌓 | |
| 시 ← | → 쌔 |
|---|---|
Korean edit
Etymology edit
First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 菩薩.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄡᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: psól). The Middle Korean p- is still preserved in many compounds where 쌀 is the second element, such as 멥쌀 (mepssal) and 찹쌀 (chapssal).
Alexander Vovin argues in a 2015 work that this term could be a Japonic loan, connecting it with Japanese 早稲 (wase, “early-ripening rice”), with two assumptions:[1]
- That the initial p- came from a phonological inability to render initial Japonic w-.
- That the final consonant was originally present in early Japonic but had been eliminated in the insular languages.
Meanwhile, James Marshall Unger presents a case in a 2000 paper[2] that explains a possible derivation for Japanese terms like 早稲 (wase) that have alternating apophonic forms (standalone wase and compounding form wasa-), suggesting instead that these may be cognates with Koreanic terms.
Joo (2021) [3] argues that its earlier transcription as posal 菩薩 (“bodhisattva”) is in fact not a mere phonetic transcription but actually reflects its etymological origin from Middle Chinese, citing the case of a Japanese dialect using the same word 菩薩 (bosatsu) to refer to raw rice, and also a religious practice in Korea where a jar of grain is used to symbolize Buddha's body.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [s͈a̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [쌀]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | ssal |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ssal |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ssal |
| Yale Romanization? | ssal |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 쌀의 / 쌀에 / 쌀까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Noun edit
쌀 • (ssal)
Derived terms edit
- 귀리쌀 (gwirissal)
- 날쌀 (nalssal)
- 멥쌀 (mepssal)
- 묵은쌀 (mugeunssal)
- 밀쌀 (milssal)
- 보리쌀 (borissal)
- 생쌀 (生—, saengssal)
- 쌀가게 (ssalgage)
- 쌀가루 (ssalgaru)
- 쌀가마 (ssalgama)
- 쌀값 (ssalgap)
- 쌀겨 (ssalgyeo)
- 쌀국수 (ssalguksu)
- 쌀농사 (—農事, ssallongsa)
- 쌀눈 (ssallun)
- 쌀독 (ssaldok)
- 쌀되 (ssaldoe)
- 쌀뒤주 (ssaldwiju)
- 쌀뜨물 (ssaltteumul)
- 쌀밥 (ssalbap)
- 쌀벌레 (ssalbeolle)
- 쌀보리 (ssalbori)
- 쌀부대 (—負袋, ssalbudae)
- 쌀섬 (ssalseom)
- 쌀알 (ssaral)
- 쌀엿 (ssaryeot)
- 쌀장사 (ssaljangsa)
- 쌀장수 (ssaljangsu)
- 쌀죽 (—粥, ssaljuk)
- 쌀집 (ssaljip)
- 쌀통 (—桶, ssaltong)
- 쌀풀 (ssalpul)
- 옴쌀 (omssal)
- 웁쌀 (upssal)
- 입쌀 (ipssal)
- 좁쌀 (jopssal)
- 찹쌀 (chapssal)
- 풀살 (pulsal)
- 햅쌀 (haepssal)
- 흰쌀 (huinssal)
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2015) “On The Etymology of Middle Korean psʌr 'rice'”, in Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları[1], number 25.2, pages 229-238
- ^ Unger, J. Marshall (2000) “Reconciling Comparative and Internal Reconstruction: The Case of Old Japanese /ti ri ni/”, in Language[2], number 76.3, pages 655–681
- ^ Joo, Ian (2021) “The etymology of Korean ssal 'uncooked grain' and pap 'cooked grain'”, in Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale[3], number 50.1, pages 94-110