일
| ||||||||||
| 이익읶읷인읹읺 읻일읽읾읿잀잁 잂잃임입잆잇있 잉잊잋잌잍잎잏 | |
| 의 ← | → 자 |
|---|---|
Jeju edit
| 10 | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: ᄒᆞ나 (hawna) Native attr.: ᄒᆞᆫ (hawn) Sino: 일 (il) Ordinal: 첫체 (cheotche) Number of days: ᄒᆞ루 (hawru), ᄒᆞ를 (hawreul), ᄒᆞ르 (hawreu) | ||||
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
일 (il)
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Korean word from 一.
Numeral edit
일 (il)
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 일〯 (Yale: ǐl), related to Middle Korean 일〯다〮 (Yale: ǐl-tá, “to occur, to arise”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [일(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | il |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | il |
| McCune–Reischauer? | il |
| Yale Romanization? | īl |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 일의 / 일에 / 일까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.
Noun edit
일 • (il)
- work (activity done for compensation or reward)
- a fact, an event, a situation (any kind of occurrence)
- deed (any human activity)
- (euphemistic) urination, defecation, sexual intercourse
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Korean word from 一 (“one”). From Middle Korean 일〮 (Yale: íl).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [iɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [일]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | il |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | il |
| McCune–Reischauer? | il |
| Yale Romanization? | il |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 일의 / 일에 / 일까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable.
Numeral edit
| 10 | ||||
| [a], [b], [c] ← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Native isol.: 하나 (hana) Native attr.: 한 (han) Sino-Korean: 일 (il) Hanja: 一 Ordinal: 첫째 (cheotjjae) | ||||
Usage notes edit
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
- 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 一 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일 (一, il).
Etymology 3 edit
Sino-Korean word from 日 (“sun; day”).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [iɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [일]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | il |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | il |
| McCune–Reischauer? | il |
| Yale Romanization? | il |
Noun edit
Proper noun edit
Usage notes edit
- In news headlines, this is customarily written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean texts otherwise devoid of Chinese characters.
Derived terms edit
- See the hanja entry at 日 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일 (日, il).
Etymology 4 edit
Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable edit
일 (il)
| Extended content |
|---|
References edit
- ^ Samuel Elmo Martin (2000) Consonant Lenition in Korean and the Macro-Altaic Question, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN
Middle Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
일〯 (ǐl)
Descendants edit
- Korean: 일 (il)
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Chinese 一 (MC 'jit).
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
일〮 (íl)
Descendants edit
- Korean: 일(一) (il)