Z
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Translingual edit
Etymology edit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌆 (z, “ze”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ζ (Z, “zeta”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤆 (z, “zayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏭.
Letter edit
Z (lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth and final letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See also edit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter Z): Źź Ẑẑ Žž Żż Ẓẓ Ẕẕ Ƶƶ Ȥȥ Ⱬⱬ ᵶ ᶎ ʐ ʑ ɀ ᴢ Zz DZDzdz DZDzdz DŽDždž DŽDždž
- ☡, a symbol for caution which resembles Z
Symbol edit
Z
- (metrology) zetta-
- (physics) the impedance of an electrical circuit
- (physics, computer graphics) the depth dimension in a 3D environment
- (physics) atomic number
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for either glutamine or glutamic acid
- (time zones) Zulu time
- 1600Z
Derived terms edit
Gallery edit
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Uppercase and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type
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Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur
See also edit
Other representations of Z:
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- Name of letter
- (UK, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, General Australian) IPA(key): /zɛd/
- (US) IPA(key): /zi/
- (Hong Kong) IPA(key): /iˈzɛd/, /ɪˈzɛd/ (from izzard)
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛd, -iː
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z, plural Zs or Z's)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the English alphabet, called zed or zee and written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Noun edit
- A member of Generation Z.
- Synonyms: Generation Z, Generation Zer, Gen Z, Gen-Zer, Zer, zoomer
- Alternative form: Zed
- 2017, Martha M. Ellis, Linda Garcia, Generation X Presidents Leading Community Colleges: New Challenges, New Leaders, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 10:
- Take that a step further for Millennials and Zs by crafting an e-mail subject header that does the same but with even fewer characters; […]
- 2020, Zerlina Maxwell, The End of White Politics: How to Heal Our Liberal Divide, New York, N.Y.: Hachette Books, →ISBN:
- The current progressive movement—and certainly the Millennials and Zs—understand that the Hyde Amendment is discriminatory […]
- 2022, Morgen Witzel, editor, Post-Pandemic Leadership: Exploring Solutions to a Crisis, Routledge, →ISBN:
- The current global pandemic is almost certainly a formative moment for younger Millennials and Zs as they navigate through similar challenges.
- (slang) Z-drug.
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Noun edit
Albanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (lower case z)
- The thirty-fifth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Azerbaijani edit
Letter edit
Z upper case (lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Central Franconian edit
Etymology edit
- /ts/ is from West Germanic stem-initial, geminated or post-sonorant *t.
- For the origin of /z/, see S.
Pronunciation edit
- (German-based) /ts/
- (Dutch-based) /z/
Letter edit
Z
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notes edit
- /ts/ may also be represented by ts, tts, ds, dds, mostly when there is an intervening morpheme boundary.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, /ts/ is always represented by ts (or ds). In the German-based spelling, /z/ is represented by s (see there).
- In the German-based spelling, doubling of z yields tz, which is used after short vowels. (As z is already a voiceless sound there is no change in coda position.)
- In the Dutch-based spelling, z is doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open. Coda z is automatically replaced with s.
Chinese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Derived from 直 (zhí, “straight”).
Pronunciation edit
Symbol edit
Z
- (Mainland China) A shorthand used to refer to direct express trains.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Letter edit
Z
- The twenty-sixth and last letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2 edit
Letter edit
Z
- The twenty-sixth and last letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notes edit
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (capital, lowercase z)
- The twenty-sixth and last letter of the Dutch alphabet.
Adverb edit
Z
- Abbreviation of zuid; south
See also edit
- Previous letter: Y
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called zo and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Estonian edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsett and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- Used only in loanwords.
See also edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and Z for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called tseta or tset and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ts.
See also edit
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth and last letter of the German alphabet.
Usage notes edit
- Doubling of z generally yields tz, but zz is retained in loanwords (chiefly from Italian).
- In German handwriting, the letter Z very often receives an additional stroke in the middle: Ƶ. A lack of this stroke may even make the letter look "incomplete" to a great deal of language users. However, the corresponding grapheme Ƶ is virtually never used in printing.
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called zé and written in the Latin script.
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | Z | Z-k |
accusative | Z-t | Z-ket |
dative | Z-nek | Z-knek |
instrumental | Z-vel | Z-kkel |
causal-final | Z-ért | Z-kért |
translative | Z-vé | Z-kké |
terminative | Z-ig | Z-kig |
essive-formal | Z-ként | Z-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | Z-ben | Z-kben |
superessive | Z-n | Z-ken |
adessive | Z-nél | Z-knél |
illative | Z-be | Z-kbe |
sublative | Z-re | Z-kre |
allative | Z-hez | Z-khez |
elative | Z-ből | Z-kből |
delative | Z-ről | Z-kről |
ablative | Z-től | Z-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
Z-é | Z-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
Z-éi | Z-kéi |
Possessive forms of Z | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | Z-m | Z-im |
2nd person sing. | Z-d | Z-id |
3rd person sing. | Z-je | Z-i |
1st person plural | Z-nk | Z-ink |
2nd person plural | Z-tek | Z-itek |
3rd person plural | Z-jük | Z-ik |
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (letter name) IPA(key): */ˈd͡zɛ.ta/, */ˈd͡ze.ta/[1]
- (phonemic realization) IPA(key): */t͡s/*, */d͡z/*
- Z is spelt single stem-initially and after consonants. The pronunciation is not predictable and may be /t͡s/ or /d͡z/, though after -l- and -r- it is mostly /t͡s/. It is also spelt single post-vocalically before [j], where the pronunciation is mostly /tt͡s/.
- Between true vowels it is usually doubled as zz. The pronunciation, again, is not predictable and may be /tt͡s/ or /dd͡z/. Chiefly in learned words it may be spelt single, in which case it is predominantly /dd͡z/.
Letter edit
Z f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-first letter of the Italian alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.
Symbol edit
Z
- the letter zeta in the Greek alphabet
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
- Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References edit
- ^ Z in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and Z for development of the glyph itself.
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
The letter descended from the Old Italic letter 𐌆 (z) in the Old Latin period, but had long fell into native disuse by the Classical period, when it came back into use, transcribing the Ancient Greek letter Ζ (Z, “zeta”), which had formerly been transcribed S in initial position and SS in medial position. In writings of the Late Latin period, Z frequently takes the place of S and in the third and fourth centuries often represented word-initial prevocalic di.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.
References edit
- “Z, z”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Z in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,700/1
- “Z, z” on page 2,125/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Latvian alphabet, called zē and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [zɛt̚], [zɛk̚], [zi]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [z]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [s]
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Norwegian edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case Z, lower case z)
- the 29th letter of the Norwegian alphabet
Usage notes edit
Only in loan words and foreign names. Also used in old inscriptions and texts instead of s.
Nupe edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and Z for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirtieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Portuguese edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Romani edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- (International Standard) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Romanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ze, zet, zed, or zî and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Russian edit
Etymology edit
Derived from запад (zapad, “west”). The Z sign was initially used for vehicles targeted towards southeastern Ukraine, in a manner similar to invasion stripes used by the Allies in World War II. Later popularised by the Russian government on social media as a rallying symbol.
Pronunciation edit
Symbol edit
Z (lower case z)
- the Roman letter Z, z
- Synonym: зет (zɛt)
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (politics) A symbol representing support for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Synonyms: (all derogatory) полусва́стика (polusvástika), но́вая сва́стика (nóvaja svástika), зва́стика (zvástika), зи́га (zíga)
- #ZаМир, #ZаПобеду (hashtags using Z by Russian nationalists in support for war against Ukraine)
- #ZaMir, #ZaPobedu
- "for peace", "for victory"
- ZOV (a symbol combining V and O, more symbols used on Russian tanks, used by the Russian government and some online users in support for war against Ukraine)
- ZOV (may also be interpreted as зов, or "call forth [to war]")
- Zалупа, роZZия, zвери, Zло, Zомби, пиZдец (derisive online slang terms mocking Russian nationalists)
- Zalupa, roZZija, zveri, Zlo, Zombi, piZdec
- "dickhead", "RuZZia", "beaZts", "evil", "Zombie", "fucked up"
Usage notes edit
Russian nationalists replace instances of the Cyrillic letter З (Z) and less commonly С (S) with Z in some words and usernames, and their opponents also use Latin Z's in Russian words to mock them.
Derived terms edit
- Z-бло́гер (Z-blóger, “a Z-blogger, a blogger who supports the invasion of Ukraine”)
- Z-ме́рч (Z-mérč, “Z-merch, merchandise glorifying the invasion of Ukraine”)
- Z-патрио́т (Z-patriót, “a Z-patriot, fanatical Russian nationalist who supports the invasion of Ukraine”)
- зе́тник (zétnik, “a vatnik who uses the Z symbol, a supporter of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine”), зэ́тник (zɛ́tnik)
- зиговать (zigovatʹ, “to use a Nazi salute”), zиговать (zigovatʹ, “to support the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine”)
- zва́стика (zvástika)
- zомби (zombi, “a zombie, a fanatical Russian nationalist who supports the invasion of Ukraine”)
- РоZZия (RoZZija, “RuZZia, Russia as the aggressor during the invasion of Ukraine”)
- ру́ZZкий мир (rúZZkij mir)
Descendants edit
- ⇒ English: zwastika (internet slang, usage of Z by Russian nationalists)
- ⇒ English: Ruzzia (internet slang, Russia being militarised during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: Z (a symbol used by Ukrainians to mock Russia)
See also edit
- V (“V, another letter used as a pro-war symbol”)
- Еле́нский (Jelénskij, “Elensky, slang term mocking President Zelensky for the ban of the Z letter”)
- З (Z), з (z)
- свои́х не броса́ем (svoíx ne brosájem, “we do not leave our own, pro-war slogan”)
- спецопера́ция (specoperácija, “special operation, official Russian government term for the invasion of Ukraine”)
- денацифици́ровать (denacificírovatʹ, “denazify, another Russian government term used for the same invasion”)
Further reading edit
Saanich edit
Letter edit
Z
- The thirty-eighth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and Z for development of the glyph itself.
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Skolt Sami edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
Z (lower case z)
- The thirty-third letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Slovene edit
Letter edit
Z (capital, lowercase z)
- The 24th letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by V and followed by Ž.
Spanish edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- the 27th letter of the Spanish alphabet
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
From Spanish Z. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English Z.
- Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish Z.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: Z
- (letter name, Filipino alphabet):
- (letter name, Abecedario):
- (phoneme):
- Rhymes: -i, -eta
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called zi and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
- Some purists of Tagalog replace Z in words with S.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜆ)
- (historical) The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called zeta and written in the Latin script.
Further reading edit
- “Z”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Ukrainian edit
Etymology edit
Originated from Russian usage of the letter Z as a military symbol, as well as a symbol of support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine (see Z#Etymology_5).
Pronunciation edit
Symbol edit
Z (lower case z)
- the Roman letter Z, z
- Synonym: зет (zet)
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (politics) a symbol indicating that the user, or the person tagged with it, supports the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- РоZZія (derisive online slang term mocking Russian nationalists)
- RoZZija
- "RuZZia"
Usage notes edit
Often used by Ukrainian Internet users and politicians to mock or deride Russians following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Derived terms edit
- РоZZі́я (RoZZíja)
See also edit
Zulu edit
Letter edit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.