𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

FWOTD – 31 December 2017

Etymology

𐌰𐌽𐌰- (ana-) +‎ *𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*nanþjan), from Proto-Germanic *nanþijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /anaˈnanθjan/

Verb

𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (anananþjan) (perfective)

1. to dare, be brave (enough), be bold (enough)
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 15:43:

     𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐍉𐍃𐌴𐍆 𐌰𐍆 𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌰𐍃, 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌿𐌳𐍃 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃, 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 ⟨𐌾𐌰𐌷⟩ 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃, 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌰𐌸 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌹𐍃.

     qimands iōsēf af areimaþaias, gaguds ragineis, saei was ⟨jah⟩ silba beidands þiudangardjōs gudis, anananþjands galaiþ inn du peilatau jah baþ þis leikis iēsuis.

     Joseph of Arimathaea, an honourable counsellor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus. (KJV)

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Romans 10:20:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌹̈𐌰𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼, 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼.

     iþ ēsaïas anananþeiþ jah qiþiþ: bigitans warþ þaim mik ni gasōkjandam, swikunþs warþ þaim mik ni gafraihnandam.

     But Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them that asked not after me. (KJV)

   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 2 Corinthians 11:21b:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌴𐌹 𐍈𐌴 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸, 𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌺;

     iþ in þammei ƕē ƕas anananþeiþ, in unfrōdein qiþa, gadars jah ik;

     Howbeit whereinsoever any is bold, (I speak foolishly,) I am bold also. (KJV)

   • Skeireins IV, translated by William H. Bennett:

     𐌸𐍉 𐌽𐌿 𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌴 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹, 𐌴𐌹 𐍆𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹, 𐌰𐌺 𐌳𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐍆𐌲𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌰𐌿𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿.

     þō nu insakana wēsun fram iōhannē ni in þis þatainei, ei fins mikilein gakannidēdi, ak du gatarhjan jah gasakan þō afgudōn haifst sabailliaus jah markailliaus, þaiei ainana anananþidēdun qiþan attan jah sunu.

     Now these matters were declared by John, not merely that he might proclaim the Lord's greatness, but to censure and rebuke that impious contention of Sabellius and Marcellus, who dared to say that the Father and the Son are one.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 anananþjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰 anananþja	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 anananþida	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 anananþjada
2nd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 anananþeis	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 anananþidēs	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 anananþjaza
3rd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 anananþeiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 anananþida	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 anananþjada
1st dual	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐍉𐍃 anananþjōs	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 anananþidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 anananþjats	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 anananþidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌼 anananþjam	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 anananþidēdum	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 anananþjanda
2nd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 anananþeiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 anananþidēduþ	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 anananþjanda
3rd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 anananþjand	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 anananþidēdun	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 anananþjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿 anananþjau	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 anananþidēdjau	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjaidau
2nd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 anananþjais	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 anananþidēdeis	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 anananþjaizau
3rd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 anananþjai	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 anananþidēdi	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjaidau
1st dual	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 anananþjaiwa	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 anananþidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 anananþjaits	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 anananþidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 anananþjaima	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 anananþidēdeima	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjaindau
2nd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 anananþjaiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 anananþidēdeiþ	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjaindau
3rd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 anananþjaina	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 anananþidēdeina	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹 anananþei
3rd singular	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjadau
2nd dual	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 anananþjats
2nd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 anananþeiþ
3rd plural	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 anananþjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 anananþjands	𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌸𐍃 anananþiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 98