𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

Formally a past participle of an unattested verb from 𐌿𐍃- (us-) +‎ 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (alþeis, “old”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /usˈalθans/

Adjective

𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 • (usalþans)

1. (hapax) outdated, old-fashioned
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Timothy 4:7:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍉𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐍃𐍀𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹, 𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌳𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽.

     iþ þō usweihōna swē usalþanaizō spilla biwandei, iþ þrōþei þuk silban du gagudein.

     But refuse profane and old wives’ fables, and exercise thyself rather unto godliness. (KJV)

Declension

A-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 usalþans	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 usalþana	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽, 𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌰 usalþan, usalþanata
Accusative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 usalþanana	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 usalþana	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽, 𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌰 usalþan, usalþanata
Genitive	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃 usalþanis	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 usalþanaizōs	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃 usalþanis
Dative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 usalþanamma	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹 usalþanai	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 usalþanamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹 usalþanai	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐍃 usalþanōs	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 usalþana
Accusative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 usalþanans	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐍃 usalþanōs	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 usalþana
Genitive	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 usalþanaizē	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 usalþanaizō	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 usalþanaizē
Dative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 usalþanaim	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 usalþanaim	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 usalþanaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 usalþana	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉 usalþanō	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉 usalþanō
Accusative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 usalþanan	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽 usalþanōn	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉 usalþanō
Genitive	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 usalþanins	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 usalþanōns	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 usalþanins
Dative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌽 usalþanin	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽 usalþanōn	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌽 usalþanin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 usalþanans	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 usalþanōns	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌰 usalþanōna
Accusative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 usalþanans	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍃 usalþanōns	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌰 usalþanōna
Genitive	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌴 usalþananē	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽𐍉 usalþanōnō	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌴 usalþananē
Dative	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼 usalþanam	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌼 usalþanōm	𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼 usalþanam

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 8