𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frīdijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfriːdjan/, [ˈfriːðjan]

Verb

𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (freidjan)

1. (transitive) to spare (preserve from danger or punishment)
   • Romans 11:21:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍄𐍉 𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹.

     þandei guþ þans us gabaurþai astans ni freidida, ibai auftō ni þuk freidjai.

     For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee. (KJV)

   • 1 Corinthians 7:28:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌵𐌴𐌽, 𐌽𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌴𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹, 𐌽𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌰, 𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐍉𐌽 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌸𐍉 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰. 𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌺 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰.

     aþþan jabai nimis qēn, ni frawaurhtēs, jah jabai liugada mawi, ni frawaurhta, iþ aglōn leikis gastaldand þō swaleika. iþ ik izwis freidja.

     But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you. (KJV)

2. (intransitive, with genitive object) to spare
   • 2 Corinthians 1:23:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌺 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌳 𐌲𐌿𐌸 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌴𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌵𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍉𐌽.

     aþþan ik weitwōd guþ anahaita ana meinai saiwalai ei freidjands izwara þanaseiþs ni qam in kaurinþōn.

     Moreover I call God for a record upon my soul, that to spare you I came not as yet unto Corinth. (KJV)

3. (intransitive) to forbear, spare
   • 2 Corinthians 12:6:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐍈𐍉𐍀𐌰𐌽, 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐍈𐌰 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌹 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 [𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿] 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐍈𐌰 𐌿𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃.

     aþþan jabai wiljau ƕōpan, ni sijau unwita, untē sunja qiþa, iþ freidja, ibai ƕas in mis ƕa muni ufar þatei gasaiƕiþ aiþþau [aiþþau] gahauseiþ ƕa us mis.

     For though I would desire to glory, I shall not be a fool; for I will say the truth: but now I forbear, lest any man should think of me above that which he seeth me to be, or that he heareth of me. (KJV)

   • 2 Corinthians 13:2:

     𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰, 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉 𐌽𐌿 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰, 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰.

     fauraqaþ jah aftra fauragateiha, swaswē andwairþs anþaramma sinþa jah aljaþrō nu mēlja þaim faura frawaurkjandam jah anþaraim allaim, þatei jabai qima, aftra ni freidja.

     I told you before, and foretell you, as if I were present, the second time; and being absent now I write to them which heretofore have sinned, and to all other, that, if I come again, I will not spare: (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 freidjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰 freidja	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 freidida	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 freidjada
2nd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 freideis	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 freididēs	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 freidjaza
3rd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 freideiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 freidida	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 freidjada
1st dual	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 freidjōs	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 freididēdu	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 freidjats	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 freididēduts	—
1st plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 freidjam	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 freididēdum	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 freidjanda
2nd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 freideiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 freididēduþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 freidjanda
3rd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 freidjand	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 freididēdun	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 freidjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 freidjau	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 freididēdjau	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjaidau
2nd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 freidjais	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 freididēdeis	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 freidjaizau
3rd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 freidjai	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 freididēdi	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjaidau
1st dual	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 freidjaiwa	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 freididēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 freidjaits	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 freididēdeits	—
1st plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 freidjaima	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 freididēdeima	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjaindau
2nd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 freidjaiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 freididēdeiþ	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjaindau
3rd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 freidjaina	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 freididēdeina	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹 freidei
3rd singular	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjadau
2nd dual	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 freidjats
2nd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 freideiþ
3rd plural	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 freidjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 freidjands	𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 freidiþs

Derived terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gafreideins)
• 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (unfreideins)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 38