𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺

Old Persian edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain; possibly:

from *Parθaʰ +‎ -𐎺 (-vaʰ, adjectival suffix), related to 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /⁠Pārsaʰ⁠/, “Persian”),^[1]
from *pr̥θvī (“area”), from Proto-Iranian *pr̥θwíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tHwíH, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥th₂-éwih₂, from *pléth₂us (“flat, broad”), cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬡𐬍 (pər^əθβī, “surface”), Sanskrit पृथ्वी (pṛthvī, “the Earth”),^[2]
or syncopated from earlier *Parārθavaʰ, from *parārθam (“exterior, remote”) +‎ -𐎺 (-vaʰ, adjectival suffix, from Proto-Indo-European *-wós), from Proto-Iranian *paraHárθam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paraHártʰam, from *para- (“farther, highest”, from Proto-Indo-European *pér-o- (“distant, beyond”)) +‎ *Hártʰam (“event, thing, purpose”), cognate with Sanskrit परार्थ (parārtha, “highest advantage, interest”).^[3]

Adjective edit

𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/) m^[4]^[1]

Parthian

Proper noun edit

𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/) m^[4]^[1]

Parthia

Descendants edit

Middle Persian: (/⁠pahraw(ag) ~ pahlaw(ag)⁠/)
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: (early Middle Persian) 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭩 (plswby /⁠parθaw⁠/)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾhlwb')

Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫃 (phrwg)
- Classical Persian: پهله (/⁠pahla⁠/)
  - → Arabic: فهلة (/⁠fahla⁠/)
→ Akkadian:^[5]
Late Babylonian: 𒉺𒅈𒌅𒈠𒀀𒀀 (pa-ar-tu-ma-a-a /⁠Partumāya⁠/), 𒉺𒅈𒌅𒌑 (pa-ar-tu-ú /⁠Partū⁠/), 𒌓𒌅 (par-tu /⁠Partu⁠/), 𒌓𒌅𒌑 (par-tu-ú /⁠Partū⁠/)
→ Ancient Greek: Πᾰ́ρθος (Párthos), Πᾰ́ρθυος (Párthuos)
→ Aramaic:^[5]
Imperial Aramaic: 𐡐𐡓𐡕𐡅 (prtw)
→ Egyptian:
Late Egyptian:

(prwtjwꜣ),

(prtjwꜣ)^[5]
→ Elamite:^[5]
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒁇𒌅𒈠 (bar-tu-ma /⁠Bartuma⁠/), 𒁇𒌅𒈦 (bar-tu-maš /⁠Bartumaš⁠/)
→ Middle Chinese: 白疊 (po-tie)^[6]
→ Old Armenian: Պարթեւք (Partʻewkʻ)
→ Parthian:
Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 (prtw)
→ Sogdian:^[7]
Syriac script: ܦܪܬ݂ܘܐܝܟ (prθwʾyq /⁠parθawīk⁠/)

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kent, Roland G. (1950) “Parθava-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 196
^ Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 138
^ Skalmowski, W. (1995) “Old Persian Parθava”, in Van Lerberghe, K., Schoors, A., editors, Immigration and Emigration within the Ancient Near East. Festschrift E. Lipiński (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta), Leuven: Peeters Publishers, pages 306-311
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Tolman, Herbert Cushing (1908) “parθava”, in Ancient Persian lexicon and the texts of the Achaemenidan inscriptions transliterated and translated with special reference to their recent re-examination (Vanderbilt Oriental Series; 6), New York/Cincinnati/Chicago: American Book Company, page 109
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Tavernier, Jan (2007) “1.3.30 Parθava- (P-r-θ-v-)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 29: “29”
^ Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 490
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “prθwʾyq”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 291

[OPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kent, Roland G. (1950) “Parθava-”, in Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 196

[2] Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 138

[3] Skalmowski, W. (1995) “Old Persian Parθava”, in Van Lerberghe, K., Schoors, A., editors, Immigration and Emigration within the Ancient Near East. Festschrift E. Lipiński (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta), Leuven: Peeters Publishers, pages 306-311

[APL-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Tolman, Herbert Cushing (1908) “parθava”, in Ancient Persian lexicon and the texts of the Achaemenidan inscriptions transliterated and translated with special reference to their recent re-examination (Vanderbilt Oriental Series; 6), New York/Cincinnati/Chicago: American Book Company, page 109

[Tavernier-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Tavernier, Jan (2007) “1.3.30 Parθava- (P-r-θ-v-)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 29: “29”

[6] Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 490

[7] Gharib, B. (1995) “prθwʾyq”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 291

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]