𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴

Old Persian edit

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Hyrcania

Etymology edit

Literally "Wolf-Land",^[1] composed of 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /⁠vṛka⁠/, “wolf”) + *-na- (nominal suffix).

From Proto-Iranian *Wárkānah (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vəhrkāna) and Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭊𐭍 (wrkn /⁠wurgān⁠/)).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /wr̩kaːna/

Proper noun edit

𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (Vạrkāna)

Gorgan; Vahrkana (old city)
satrapy of Hyrcania

Derived terms edit

𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹 (v-r-k-a-n-i-y /⁠Vạrkāniya⁠/)

Descendants edit

Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 (gʿlgʾn /⁠Gurgān⁠/)
- → Ancient Greek: Γουργάν (Gourgán)
- Persian: گرگان (gorgân)
Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 (ʿlʿcʾn /⁠Wiruz-ān⁠/)
- Persian: گرجستان (gorjestân)
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒅕𒋡𒀭 (mi-ir-ka₄-an /⁠Mirkan⁠/)^[1]
→ Ancient Greek: Ὑρκᾱνίᾱ (Hurkāníā)
- Greek: Υρκανία (Yrkanía)
- → Latin: Hyrcania

References edit

احدیان, م. (2010). Morphological survey of Hamedan's Toponyms. زبان و زبان‌شناسی, 6(12), 129-148.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 77

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