𑀫𑀭𑀡
Ashokan Prakrit edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa). Cognate with Pali maraṇa.
Noun edit
𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) n
- death, dying
- c. 257 BCE, Aśoka, Rock Edict 13 Girnar line 1:
- [𑀯]𑀥𑁄-𑀯 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀅𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀳𑁄-𑀯 𑀚𑀦𑀲 𑀢 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀦-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸[𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺] [𑀲]
- [va]dho-va maraṇaṃ-va apavāho-va janasa ta bāḍhaṃ vedana-mata-ca guru-mata-ca devā[naṃpi] [sa]
- slaughter, death, and deportation of people, this is considered very painful and deplorable by Dēvānaṁpriya
- [𑀯]𑀥𑁄-𑀯 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀅𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀳𑁄-𑀯 𑀚𑀦𑀲 𑀢 𑀩𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀦-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼-𑀫𑀢-𑀘 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸[𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺] [𑀲]
Alternative forms edit
Attested at Girnar.
| Dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (“death”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀫𑀮𑀦 (malana) |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) |
| Mansehra | 𐨨𐨪𐨞 (maraṇa) | |
| West | Girnar | 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) |
| Map of dialectal forms of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (“death”) | ||
|---|---|---|
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- The template Template:R:inc-ash:Hultzsch does not use the parameter(s):
column=2
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Hultzsch, E[ugen Julius Theodor] (1925) Inscriptions of Aśoka (new edition), in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 250. - Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “maraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 567
Prakrit edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa), from Sanskrit 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa). Cognate with Pali maraṇa, Gandhari 𐨨𐨪𐨣 (marana).
Noun edit
𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) n (Devanagari मरण, Kannada ಮರಣ) (Maharastri, Sauraseni, Ardhamagadhi)
- death, dying
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 42:
- 𑀆𑀭𑀁𑀪𑀁𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀥𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲
𑀢𑀁 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 𑀅𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀁𑀪𑁂-𑀯𑀺 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀉𑀡 𑀡 𑀳𑁄𑀇- āraṃbhaṃtassa dhuaṃ lacchī maraṇaṃ-va hoi purisassa
taṃ maraṇaṃ aṇāraṃbhe-vi hoi lacchī uṇa ṇa hoi
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- If a man shows initiative, there is the prospect of either wealth or death.
Even if he lacks initiative, death is certain, wealth is not.
- If a man shows initiative, there is the prospect of either wealth or death.
- āraṃbhaṃtassa dhuaṃ lacchī maraṇaṃ-va hoi purisassa
- 𑀆𑀭𑀁𑀪𑀁𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀥𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀯 𑀳𑁄𑀇 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲
- c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XI, line 83:
- 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀻𑀡𑁄 𑀫𑀅𑀭-𑀳𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀓𑀏𑀡 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀟𑀺𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁
𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀽𑀠𑀁 𑀡𑀸𑀳 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁂 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚-𑀯𑀺 𑀥𑀭𑀇 𑀅𑀓𑀅𑀡𑀼𑀅𑀁 𑀫𑀳 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅𑀁- bolīṇo maara-haro majjha kaeṇa maraṇaṃ-pi de paḍivaṇṇaṃ
ṇivvūḍhaṃ ṇāha tume ajja-vi dharaï akaaṇuaṃ maha hiaaṃ
- 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique
- Thou didst cross the ocean, and accept even death for my sake.
Thy task, my lord, was fulfilled, but my ungrateful heart beats even now.
- Thou didst cross the ocean, and accept even death for my sake.
- bolīṇo maara-haro majjha kaeṇa maraṇaṃ-pi de paḍivaṇṇaṃ
- 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀻𑀡𑁄 𑀫𑀅𑀭-𑀳𑀭𑁄 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 𑀓𑀏𑀡 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁-𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂 𑀧𑀟𑀺𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀁
Declension edit
| Maharastri declension of 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 (maraṇaṃ) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (maraṇāiṃ) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (maraṇāi) |
| Accusative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀁 (maraṇaṃ) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (maraṇāiṃ) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (maraṇāi) |
| Instrumental | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡 (maraṇeṇa) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (maraṇeṇaṃ) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (maraṇehi) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (maraṇehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀅 (maraṇāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀑 (maraṇāo) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀉 (maraṇāu) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸 (maraṇā) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (maraṇāhi) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (maraṇāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (maraṇassa) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡 (maraṇāṇa) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (maraṇāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (maraṇammi) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂 (maraṇe) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (maraṇesu) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (maraṇesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸 (maraṇā) | 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (maraṇāiṃ) or 𑀫𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (maraṇāi) |
Derived terms edit
Terms inherited from *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀇𑀆 ~ *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀇𑀕𑀸 (*maraṇa-iā ~ *maraṇa-igā)
Terms inherited from *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀅 ~ *𑀫𑀭𑀡-𑀕 (*maraṇa-a ~ *maraṇa-ga)
Descendants edit
Terms inherited from 𑀫𑀭𑀡 (maraṇa)
Further reading edit
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) “मरण”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 674.
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 114, 133, 250.
- Otto von Böhtlingk (1877) “मरण”, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter “Prakrit-Index”) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., →OCLC, page 338 of 372
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 84, 20, 105.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “maraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 567