-î
See also: Appendix:Variations of "i"
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos; cognates include Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y.
Alternative forms edit
- -yî — appended to vowel-final words
Suffix edit
-î (Arabic spelling ـی)
- Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”: -y, -ish, -like
- Added to placenames (or roots thereof) or ethnonyms to form adjectives meaning “of or pertaining to”: -ian, -ese, -ic, -ish
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-î (Arabic spelling ـی)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, athematic root present of the root *h₁es- (“to be”).
Suffix edit
-î (Arabic spelling ـی)
Etymology 4 edit
Suffix edit
-î (Arabic spelling ـی)
- Added to placenames to make a gendered noun of origin or nationality:
- his or her:
- (oral, nonstandard) Used for present tense conjugation of the third person singular:
- ew dibêjî ― he speaks
Derived terms edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish ir and French -ir, Italian -ire, etc.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-î
- A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.
Usage notes edit
- Most verbs with infinitives in -î are marked by the once-inchoative infix -ăsc- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are a urî (“to hate”) and a hotărî (“to decide”).
- A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -î but do not use the infix -ăsc-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verb a coborî (“to descend”).
- There is a variant form, -i, derived from the same Latin source.
Conjugation edit
conjugation of -î (fourth conjugation, no infix)
infinitive | a -î | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | -ând | ||||||
past participle | -ât | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | - | -i | -ă | -âm | -âți | -ă | |
imperfect | -am | -ai | -a | -am | -ați | -au | |
simple perfect | -âi | -âși | -î | -ârăm | -ârăți | -âră | |
pluperfect | -âsem | -âseși | -âse | -âserăm | -âserăți | -âseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să - | să -i | să -e | să -âm | să -âți | să -e | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | -ă | -âți | |||||
negative | nu -î | nu -âți |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Walloon edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-î
- Indicates a person who does (as a profession) the action described by the root word. Roughly equivalent to English -er.
- A verb ending for infinitives.