-ਈ

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iː]

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit -इक (-ika) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya). Later influenced by Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/, adjectival suffix), a cognate of Sanskrit -इक (-ika) through Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas. Also influenced by Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy, nisba suffix), which in Classical Persian becomes ی (-ī).

Suffix

-ਈ • (-ī)

1. relating to, forms adjectives from nouns

   ‎ਭਾਰਤ (bhārat, “India”) + ‎-ਈ (-ī) → ‎ਭਾਰਤੀ (bhārtī, “Indian”)

   ‎ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ (viśeśaṇ, “adjective”) + ‎-ਈ (-ī) → ‎ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣੀ (viśeśṇī, “adjectival”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, “doer, possessor”).

Suffix

-ਈ • (-ī) m

1. doer, possessor

   ‎ਸੁਖ (sukh, “comfort, ease”) + ‎-ਈ (-ī) → ‎ਸੁਖੀ (sukhī, “comforting”)

   ‎ਯਾਤਰਾ (yātrā, “travel”) + ‎-ਈ (-ī) → ‎ਯਾਤਰੀ (yātrī, “traveller”)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/) (forms nouns from adjectives).

Suffix

-ਈ • (-ī) f

1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns

   ‎ਡੱਬਾਬੰਦ (ḍabbāband, “canned”) + ‎-ਈ (-ī) → ‎ਡੱਬਾਬੰਦੀ (ḍabbābandī, “canning”)

   ‎ਮੈਂਬਰ (maimbar, “member”) + ‎-ਈ (-ī) → ‎ਮੈਂਬਰੀ (maimbrī, “membership”)

Derived terms

Punjabi terms suffixed with -ਈ