-eius
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
By analogy with nomina gentilicia of Oscan or perhaps Etruscan origin, such as Pompeius (from 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe, “five”)), Tarpeius, Saufeius. Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 2.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈei̯.i̯us/, [ˈɛi̯ːʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
- Note: although the syllable is heavy due to the regularly geminate intervocalic /j/, the vowel is thought to have been short on etymological grounds.
Suffix edit
-eius (feminine -eia, neuter -eium); first/second-declension suffix
- forms nomina gentilicia
- Elatus → Elateius
- Proculus → Proculeius
Usage notes edit
- This suffix was also used to form humorous words such as sterteia (“one who snores”) from stertō (“snore”) by Petronius and sterceia (“a maidservant who cleans the excrement of children”) from stercus (“dung, manure”) by Tertullian.
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -eius | -eia | -eium | -eiī | -eiae | -eia | |
| Genitive | -eiī | -eiae | -eiī | -eiōrum | -eiārum | -eiōrum | |
| Dative | -eiō | -eiō | -eiīs | ||||
| Accusative | -eium | -eiam | -eium | -eiōs | -eiās | -eia | |
| Ablative | -eiō | -eiā | -eiō | -eiīs | |||
| Vocative | -ei | -eia | -eium | -eiī | -eiae | -eia | |
The Masculine Singular Vocative is monosyllabic.[2]
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Derived adjectives from nouns and names with an -ē stem with the suffix -ius (such as plēbēius (“of the common people”) from plēbēs (“the common people”), an archaic form of plēbs). Difficult to distinguish from Etymology 1.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeː.i̯us/, [ˈeːi̯ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.jus/, [ˈɛːjus]
- Note: the vowel is thought to have been long on etymological grounds.
Suffix edit
-ēius (feminine -ēia, neuter -ēium); first/second-declension suffix
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -ēius | -ēia | -ēium | -ēiī | -ēiae | -ēia | |
| Genitive | -ēiī | -ēiae | -ēiī | -ēiōrum | -ēiārum | -ēiōrum | |
| Dative | -ēiō | -ēiō | -ēiīs | ||||
| Accusative | -ēium | -ēiam | -ēium | -ēiōs | -ēiās | -ēia | |
| Ablative | -ēiō | -ēiā | -ēiō | -ēiīs | |||
| Vocative | -ēie | -ēia | -ēium | -ēiī | -ēiae | -ēia | |
Etymology 3 edit
From Ancient Greek adjectives in -ήϊος (-ḗïos), Epic form of Attic -εῖος (-eîos). Perhaps more properly considered a poetically variant scansion of the suffixes under Etymology 1 and 2, modelled on the corresponding situation in Greek.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeː.i.us/, [ˈeːiʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.i.us/, [ˈɛːius]
- Note: this suffix is trisyllabic.
Suffix edit
-ēĭus (feminine -ēĭa, neuter -ēĭum); first/second-declension suffix
- (literary, poetic) Forms adjectives, chiefly from Ancient Greek nouns, but occasionally from native ones as well
- Ancient Greek φῠ́λλος (phúllos, “leaf”) → Phyllēĭus (corresponding to Φῠλλήϊος (Phullḗïos))
- Ancient Greek Πρῐ́ᾱπος (Príāpos) → Priāpēĭus (corresponding to Πρῐᾱπήϊος (Priāpḗïos))
- Tiberius → Tiberēĭus
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -ēĭus | -ēĭa | -ēĭum | -ēĭī | -ēĭae | -ēĭa | |
| Genitive | -ēĭī | -ēĭae | -ēĭī | -ēĭōrum | -ēĭārum | -ēĭōrum | |
| Dative | -ēĭō | -ēĭō | -ēĭīs | ||||
| Accusative | -ēĭum | -ēĭam | -ēĭum | -ēĭōs | -ēĭās | -ēĭa | |
| Ablative | -ēĭō | -ēĭā | -ēĭō | -ēĭīs | |||
| Vocative | -ēĭe | -ēĭa | -ēĭum | -ēĭī | -ēĭae | -ēĭa | |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) “-eius -eia”, in Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, page 289
- ^ Leumann, Manu, Hofmann, Johann Baptist, Szantyr, Anton (1977) “325: Dekl. Sing. Vokativ”, in Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, page 424